{"id":10061,"date":"2015-06-27T17:20:54","date_gmt":"2015-06-28T00:20:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/?p=10061"},"modified":"2015-06-27T17:27:22","modified_gmt":"2015-06-28T00:27:22","slug":"cambridge-crude-reborn-simplified-battery","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/cambridge-crude-reborn-simplified-battery\/","title":{"rendered":"Cambridge Crude Reborn in Simplified Battery"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>We first saw the appellation, \u201c24M\u201d four years ago in our report on research done at MIT to produce an <a href=\"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/cambridge-crude-and-range-euphoria\/\">ionic liquid called \u201cCambridge Crude,<\/a>\u201d usable in flow batteries.\u00a0 \u00a0Dr. Yet-Ming Chiang headed up that work in collaboration with Professors Angela Belcher and Paula Hammond at MIT and Glenn Amatucci at Rutgers, among others.\u00a0 They formed a commercial spinoff and seemingly went underground for the next four years.<\/p>\n<p>Dr. Chiang and his associates had previously gone commercial with A123, which went through the trial of bankruptcy and being acquired by overseas investors.\u00a0 It\u2019s now solvent and looking to double output.\u00a0 24M is a spin-off of A123.<\/p>\n<p>We found that Professor Chiang had resurfaced when friend and blog reader Marshall Houston sent <a href=\"http:\/\/qz.com\/433131\/the-story-of-the-invention-that-could-revolutionize-batteries-and-maybe-american-manufacturing-as-well\/\">an article from <em>Quartz<\/em> about Chiang\u2019s work<\/a> with Dr. W. Craig Carter to expand on the foundational energy storage technology of 24M \u2013 based on the thick black electrolyte they\u2019d created and a resulting semisolid electrode.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"24M Semisolid Li-ion\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/nQi9eWUjV6c?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Their semi-solid lithium-ion cell benefits from streamlined manufacturing processes which might reduce costs 50 percent.\u00a0 24M claims advantages in time and cost for their process, taking one-fifth the time required to make a conventional battery. \u201cBecause semisolid lithium-ion doesn\u2019t require binding, drying, solvent recovery or calendaring, it removes entire steps in the manufacturing process.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Because the battery has a simpler structure than conventional \u201cjelly-roll\u201d cells, plants can be smaller and less complex with fewer manufacturing steps.\u00a0 According to 24M, their facilities require about one-tenth the investment of a conventional plant and occupy much less real estate.<\/p>\n<p>Throop Wilder, 24M\u2019s CEO, explains, \u201cTogether, our inventions achieve what lithium-ion has yet to do\u2014meet the ultra-low cost targets of the grid and transportation industries. By 2020 our battery costs will be less than $100 a kilowatt-hour (kWh). We\u2019re emerging at the right time with the right technology.\u201d\u00a0 The cost per kWh competes with Elon Musk\u2019s Tesla Gigafactory\u2019s goals for a far smaller investment than the $5 billion projected for that project.<\/p>\n<p>One factor gave Sony an edge in bringing the original lithium-ion battery to market, their predominance in cassette tapes (remember those?).\u00a0 Once CDs and DVDs took over that market, Sony had a manufacturing base with no particular use anywhere else.\u00a0 But \u2013 winding a battery-sized width of material off one of their tape machines and layering it with other materials into concentric circles on a spool gave the lithium-ion battery its distinctive \u201cjelly-roll\u201d internal structure.\u00a0 It was a brilliant transition into a new market, but Dr. Chiang is not all that impressed with the legacy.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_10054\" style=\"width: 538px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/24M-lithium-ion-battery.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-10054\" class=\"size-large wp-image-10054\" src=\"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/24M-lithium-ion-battery-528x388.png\" alt=\"Simplified internal structure of 24M battery leads to quicker, less expensive battery\" width=\"528\" height=\"388\" srcset=\"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/24M-lithium-ion-battery-528x388.png 528w, http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/24M-lithium-ion-battery-300x221.png 300w, http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/24M-lithium-ion-battery.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 528px) 100vw, 528px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-10054\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Simplified internal structure of 24M battery leads to quicker, less expensive battery<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\u201cThe lithium-ion battery is a brilliant, enabling technology, but its economics are flawed. It\u2019s prohibitively expensive; it\u2019s cumbersome and inefficient to make; and today\u2019s version is approaching the limits of its cost reductions. 24M has fixed the flaws. We\u2019ve made the world\u2019s favorite battery better, fundamentally changing its cost curve by designing a more elegant and simpler cell and then making the batteries the right way \u2013 the way they should have been made from day one.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Dr. Chiang and his team had gone down a rat-hole of their own, following development of their flow battery to its logical end and finding that the material volume required to run an EV, for instance, would be impractical.\u00a0 They realized they needed to start down an entirely new path, and like Sony with their tape-winding machine, found they had a semi-solid goo with promising properties.<\/p>\n<p>Talking their fellow workers into starting down this new path was hard enough, but they also had to convince investors who\u2019d poured millions into the flow battery concept that they needed to help fund the new direction.\u00a0 Chiang and Wilder must do a great PowerPoint presentation, because they\u2019re now in a third funding loop, tracking purposely toward their new goal.<\/p>\n<p>The team has removed large amounts of materials that do not store energy \u2013 35 percent according to Dr. Chiang.\u00a0 \u00a0They created a manual assembly line where they could make automobile-battery-sized cells in six minutes, probably at least because of the internal simplicity of the new battery structure.<\/p>\n<p>Quartz explains the changes made to improve the new battery and its manufacture.\u00a0 \u201cHe started out by whacking out whole parts of the filler. His researchers developed a way to make the electrodes without the glue-like binder. Lithium-ion cells typically contain 14 separate material layers; Chiang simplified them, allowing him to reduce the layers to just five. He reduced the filler to 8% of the battery cell. Finally, he overturned the foundations of lithium-ion manufacturing by figuring out how to dispense entirely with the drying process; instead, he would inject the wet electrolyte into the cell from the start.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_10064\" style=\"width: 538px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/24M_PerformanceChart_XL.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-10064\" class=\"size-large wp-image-10064\" src=\"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/24M_PerformanceChart_XL-528x401.png\" alt=\"24M's performance is highlighted in this chart\" width=\"528\" height=\"401\" srcset=\"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/24M_PerformanceChart_XL-528x401.png 528w, http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/24M_PerformanceChart_XL-300x228.png 300w, http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/24M_PerformanceChart_XL.png 529w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 528px) 100vw, 528px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-10064\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">24M&#8217;s performance is highlighted in this chart<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\u201cThese were defining improvements. But, while he was at it, Chiang made some tweaks to the science of the battery, too. Most significantly, he made the electrodes four times thicker\u2014500 microns, or half a millimeter, in diameter\u2014which added a lot to the cells\u2019 energy density.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>All this and getting a proper slurry that took less drying time makes it possible to \u201cspit out\u201d the new batteries in a production-like manner. If the group can turn up productivity and lower cell cost to $100 per kWh, competitive with gasoline-powered vehicles, the batteries could be a huge success.\u00a0 Interviews and corporate materials don\u2019t highlight battery performance, but rather cost.\u00a0 If these new, simplified and cheaper batteries can perform well, Dr. Chiang, Wilder and team may have a winner, and a model of where future batteries may aspire.<\/p>\n<div id=\"facebook_like\"><iframe src=\"http:\/\/www.facebook.com\/plugins\/like.php?href=http%3A%2F%2Fcafe.foundation%2Fblog%2Fcambridge-crude-reborn-simplified-battery%2F&amp;layout=standard&amp;show_faces=true&amp;width=500&amp;action=like&amp;font=segoe+ui&amp;colorscheme=light&amp;height=80\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none; overflow:hidden; width:500px; height:80px;\" allowTransparency=\"true\"><\/iframe><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>We first saw the appellation, \u201c24M\u201d four years ago in our report on research done at MIT to produce an ionic liquid called \u201cCambridge Crude,\u201d usable in flow batteries.\u00a0 \u00a0Dr. Yet-Ming Chiang headed up that work in collaboration with Professors Angela Belcher and Paula Hammond at MIT and Glenn Amatucci at Rutgers, among others.\u00a0 They [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,14],"tags":[6371,6367,711,885,6365,6366,1283,1338,775,1337,6364,6363,6370,6369,6368],"class_list":["post-10061","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-electric_powerplants","category-sustainable_ga","tag-jelly-roll-battery-structure","tag-24m","tag-a123-systems","tag-angela-belcher","tag-dr-w-craig-carter","tag-dr-yet-ming-chiang","tag-elon-musk","tag-glenn-amatucci","tag-mit","tag-paula-hammond","tag-quartz-on-line-magazine","tag-rutgers","tag-sony-lithium-ion-cells","tag-tesla-gigafactory","tag-throop-wilder"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - 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