{"id":10636,"date":"2015-12-21T14:20:30","date_gmt":"2015-12-21T21:20:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/?p=10636"},"modified":"2015-12-21T14:25:29","modified_gmt":"2015-12-21T21:25:29","slug":"an-early-homebuilt-inspiring-a-modern-adaptation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/an-early-homebuilt-inspiring-a-modern-adaptation\/","title":{"rendered":"An Early Homebuilt Inspires a Modern Adaptation"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Henri Mignet, never \u00a0able to master an airplane with three-axis controls, built at least seven flawed attempts at simplified controlled flight.\u00a0 His seminal try, the HM-8 <em>Pou de Ciel<\/em> (literally, Louse of the Sky, or more familiarly, Flying Flea) became first a matter of celebration for amateur aviators and then a cause of scandal, being banned in Britain following a series of fatal crashes.\u00a0 The \u201cformula\u201d, as proponents called Mignet\u2019s tandem wing configuration, was sorted out after wind tunnel tests in England and America uncovered the flaw that caused the craft to pitch down in an unrecoverable dive.\u00a0 (For a well-illustrated history of Mignet\u2019s design, see <em>Henri Mignet and his Flying Fleas<\/em> by Ken Ellis and Geoff Jones.\u00a0 Although out of print, used copies are available at <a href=\"http:\/\/www.alibris.com\/booksearch?keyword=henri+mignet+and+his+flying+fleas&amp;mtype=B&amp;hs.x=0&amp;hs.y=0&amp;hs=Submit\">Alibris <\/a>and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.abebooks.com\/servlet\/SearchResults?sts=t&amp;tn=henri+mignet+and+his+flying+fleas\">Abe Books<\/a>, at higher prices than your editor paid for his new copy 25 years ago.)<\/p>\n<p>The airplane was an all-wood structure with simple steel fittings, small enough to be built in a single-car garage. \u00a0It had folding wings and could be towed behind a small car. \u00a020 horsepower would get it airborne and\u00a0\u00a370 ($350 in 1935 money) would purchase all materials and a used motorcycle engine necessary to fulfill the amateur aviator&#8217;s dream. \u00a0Once the aerodynamic problem was solved, amateur constructors have continued to build and modify the airplane to this day.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The Original Flying Flea\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/oiCuHpMEOCc?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Later models of the formula have proven to be safe, stable fliers, and a long-winged variant, built for a flight from Long Island, New York to Le Bourget, France is an extreme example of not only tandem wings, but of aerodynamics and energy generation.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.la1ere.fr\/2015\/12\/10\/eraole-l-avion-qui-va-traverser-l-atlantique-grace-l-energie-solaire-et-aux-micro-algues-313963.html\">Raphael Dinelli, a world sailor and navigator<\/a> showed off his Eraole \u201ca few steps from the climate conference in Le Bourget\u201d last week as part of COP 21 presentations.\u00a0 Dinelli, a former competitor in the Route du Rhum race across the Atlantic in November, and at least four single-handed voyages around the world in <em>Vend\u00e9e Globe<\/em>\u00a0competitions, is no stranger to the hazards of large bodies of water.\u00a0 During one <em>Vend\u00e9e<\/em> race, his boat capsized and Raphael was rescued by Peter Goss, a British sailor awarded the <em>L\u00e9gion d&#8217;honneur<\/em> for his bravery.\u00a0 Goss turned his boat around and sailed two days in near hurricane winds to find Dinelli in his life raft, reportedly waiting with a bottle of champagne ready.<\/p>\n<p>Dinelli will fly Eraole in calmer skies over hoped-for calmer seas on sunlight (25-percent), bio-diesel oil (55-percent) developed by <a href=\"http:\/\/www.laboratoire-ocean-vital.com\/\"><em>Laboratoire Ocean Vital<\/em>,<\/a> and energy from \u201csoaring,\u201d which seems to refer to the airplane exploiting its maximum glide angle at its best gliding speed.<\/p>\n<p>Dinelli heads a group working with applied research and demonstrating uses of green energy with their decarbonized airplane.\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.aeroportsdeparis.fr\/\">ADP (A\u00e9roports de Paris)<\/a>, an umbrella organization for airports around Paris, provides partial funding for the project.\u00a0 Solar cells topping the craft\u2019s four wings are made by the Laboratoire, and feature 22-percent efficiency, a weight of only 0.226 pounds per square foot (1,100 grams per square meter), and a thickness of only 0.6 millimeter (0.236 inch).\u00a0 Sandwiched in a patented composite material, the 1,728 patented solar cells have been shown to withstand a simulated 25 years of use with a loss of only one percent in performance.\u00a0 Their flexibility allows conformance to Eraole\u2019s wing surfaces.<\/p>\n<p>Eraole and its solar cells are two of five research areas for the <em>Laboratoire, <\/em>the other three being small vertical wind turbines, environmentally responsible housing, and green sailboats, using wind and solar power to navigate, much like the team\u2019s aircraft.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_10643\" style=\"width: 538px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Eraole-bus.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-10643\" class=\"size-large wp-image-10643\" src=\"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Eraole-bus-528x312.jpg\" alt=\"Eraole's 400-Volt bus will combine all sources of power to the EMRAX motor\" width=\"528\" height=\"312\" srcset=\"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Eraole-bus-528x312.jpg 528w, http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Eraole-bus-300x177.jpg 300w, http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Eraole-bus.jpg 680w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 528px) 100vw, 528px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-10643\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Eraole&#8217;s 400-Volt bus will combine all sources of power to the EMRAX motor<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Solar cells will charge two packs of 12 modules each of <a href=\"http:\/\/www.tyva-energie.com\/fr\/\">TYVA Energie batteries <\/a>with an output of 345 Volts.\u00a0 Further charging will come from a bio-algal-fueled small Diesel generator.\u00a0 All this energy is collected and controlled over a 400-Volt capable bus that directs energy to the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.enstroj.si\/\">Emrax motor<\/a>, which will put out a maximum of 140 kilowatts (188 hp) and cruise continually at 50 kilowatts (67 hp). \u00a0 One video shows a <a href=\"http:\/\/www.duc-helices.com\/?lang=2\">DUC propeller<\/a> on the airplane&#8217;s nose.<\/p>\n<p>Next January, the first Eraole tests will take place in Pontoise, a few kilometers north-west of Paris.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.sustainable-mobility.org\/getting-around-today\/planes-and-boats\/raphael-dinelli--an-engineer-who-is-passionate-about-the-sea-and-the-sky.html\">Training for the mission is a major undertaking for Dinell<\/a>i, who says \u201cI\u2019ll feed me nuts\u201d (terrible translations being rife on the Internet) and who will need to stay alert for the 60 hour voyage, almost twice the duration of Lindbergh\u2019s crossing in 1927.\u00a0 That\u2019s due in part to Eraole\u2019s \u201ceconomic\u201d speed of 65 kilometers per hour (40.3 mph) and 140 kilometers per hour (86.8 mph) in cruising mode.\u00a0 He also says he needs to lose three kilos (6.6 pounds) to keep the craft\u2019s maximum takeoff weight to 825 kilograms (1,815 pounds).<\/p>\n<p>Lindbergh flew the 3,633 mile route in 33 hours, 30 minutes, 29.8 seconds, averaging over 108 mph.\u00a0\u00a0 He had not slept the night before, landing in Paris having endured 55 sleepless hours.<\/p>\n<p>Dinelli faces not only the need to stay awake but to prevent hazards even fliers on long-distance airline flights encounter \u2013 <a href=\"http:\/\/wwwnc.cdc.gov\/travel\/yellowbook\/2016\/the-pre-travel-consultation\/deep-vein-thrombosis-pulmonary-embolism\">deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism<\/a>.\u00a0 Bertrand Piccard and Andre\u2019 Borschberg in Solar Impulse fight the same health issue, and their regimens of yoga, exercise and the ability to change positions during flight help counter the problem to some extent.\u00a0 Dinelli has a more rigid, but probably still comfortable position judging from pictures of the seat in Eraole.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_10646\" style=\"width: 538px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/eraole-solar-cells.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-10646\" class=\"size-large wp-image-10646\" src=\"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/eraole-solar-cells-528x297.jpg\" alt=\"Raphael Dinelli and associate apply ultra-thin solar cells to Eraole wing\" width=\"528\" height=\"297\" srcset=\"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/eraole-solar-cells-528x297.jpg 528w, http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/eraole-solar-cells-300x169.jpg 300w, http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/eraole-solar-cells.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 528px) 100vw, 528px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-10646\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Raphael Dinelli and associate apply ultra-thin solar cells to Eraole wing. \u00a0Mignet would be stunned to see his idea still flying and much improved by modern technology<\/p><\/div>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/20140107-french-daredevil-plans-green-new-york-to-paris-flight-dinelli-aviation\"><em>France 24<\/em> says,<\/a> \u201cThe major challenges while sitting down for 60 hours at 10,000 feet will be the lack of oxygen and the cold. \u2018I\u2019m going to climb glaciers at an altitude of 4,000 m for training. I also need to learn how to withstand the cold. The temperature can drop to -15 degrees in flight.\u2019 For his safety, he will have a Cirrus-type parachute capable of piercing the roof of the cabin and supporting the weight of the entire plane.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The video below is in French, but included to show the application of the ultra-thin solar cells, which seems to be like a &#8220;peel-and-stick&#8221; type of vinyl decal. \u00a0This should be of interest to the modern-day homebuilt aviation community.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"projet eraole avion\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/uBzoZrw9QSI?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>The project has received assistance from <a href=\"http:\/\/www.onera.fr\/en\">ONERA<\/a>, the research organization of the French aerospace industry, and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.andheo.fr\/\">Andheo<\/a>, an engineering consulting company dealing in computation fluid dynamics (CFD).\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Additional support has come from <a href=\"http:\/\/www.pole-emc2.fr\/\">EMC2<\/a>, a consortium of technology and manufacturing firms, and <a href=\"http:\/\/tenerrdis.fr\/en\/\">Tenerrdis,<\/a> a broadly-based clean energy consortium of academic and manufacturing entities.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.usinenouvelle.com\/article\/raphael-dinelli-des-oceans-a-l-aeronautique.N199304\">\u201cI have sailed across all the oceans,\u201d [Dinelli]\u00a0told <em>Le Figaro<\/em>.<\/a> \u201cFor sailors, global warming is a reality that we live every in an extremely violent manner every time that we race.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Those who wish to follow the project&#8217;s progress can turn to <a href=\"https:\/\/fr-fr.facebook.com\/RaphaelDinelliOfficiel\/\">Raphael Dinelli&#8217;s Facebook page<\/a>. \u00a0 \u00a0We wish him every good fortune during the test period and throughout the ultimate test of his ambitious voyage.<\/p>\n<div id=\"facebook_like\"><iframe src=\"http:\/\/www.facebook.com\/plugins\/like.php?href=http%3A%2F%2Fcafe.foundation%2Fblog%2Fan-early-homebuilt-inspiring-a-modern-adaptation%2F&amp;layout=standard&amp;show_faces=true&amp;width=500&amp;action=like&amp;font=segoe+ui&amp;colorscheme=light&amp;height=80\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none; overflow:hidden; width:500px; height:80px;\" allowTransparency=\"true\"><\/iframe><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Henri Mignet, never \u00a0able to master an airplane with three-axis controls, built at least seven flawed attempts at simplified controlled flight.\u00a0 His seminal try, the HM-8 Pou de Ciel (literally, Louse of the Sky, or more familiarly, Flying Flea) became first a matter of celebration for amateur aviators and then a cause of scandal, being [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6862,6686,16,15,6894,6834,14],"tags":[6956,5438,6962,6965,6960,1239,243,6954,6957,6959,4654,6963,6946,6958,6961,6964,6955],"class_list":["post-10636","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-batteries","category-biofuels","category-diesel_powerplants","category-electric_powerplants","category-hybrid-aircraft","category-solar-power","category-sustainable_ga","tag-andheo","tag-bio-diesel-fuel","tag-deep-vein-thrombosis","tag-duc-propellers","tag-emc2","tag-emrax-motor","tag-henri-mignet","tag-hm-8-pou-du-ciel","tag-le-figaro","tag-mignet-formula","tag-onera","tag-pulmonary-embolism","tag-raphael-dinelli","tag-tandem-wing-biplane","tag-tenerrdis","tag-tyva-energie","tag-vendee-globe"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - 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