{"id":10779,"date":"2016-03-21T00:10:38","date_gmt":"2016-03-21T07:10:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/?p=10779"},"modified":"2016-03-21T00:10:38","modified_gmt":"2016-03-21T07:10:38","slug":"burning-your-batteries-behind-you","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/burning-your-batteries-behind-you\/","title":{"rendered":"Burning Your Batteries Behind You"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Mary Grady\u2019s report at <em>AvWeb <\/em>alerted your editor to this exciting development.<\/p>\n<p>Imagine <a href=\"http:\/\/news.mit.edu\/2016\/mit-develops-nontoxic-way-generating-portable-power\">a battery capable of seven times the energy output of any lithium battery <\/a>now in existence, made of non-toxic, easily recycled materials.\u00a0 One aspect of this new energy source might give you pause, however.\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/news.mit.edu\/2010\/thermopower-waves-0308\">You have to set fire to the battery<\/a> to extract all that energy.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Family: Son&#039;s New Hoverboard Caused Fire That Destroyed Our Home\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/CqJYyRDvHvE?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>With recalls of so-called \u201choverboards\u201d and still warm memories of Tesla and 787 Dreamliner battery fires, folks might be excused for wanting to avoid anything that combines fires with batteries.\u00a0 The new approach, from MIT researchers, uses carbon nanotubes as its base, and these don\u2019t self-ignite like their lithium cousins.<\/p>\n<p>Michael Strano, the Carbon P. Dubbs* Professor in Chemical Engineering at MIT found that coating a carbon nanotube with combustible material and lighting one end would produce a current as the fire progressed along the tube.\u00a0 Even though the amount of energy generated was low, Dr. Strano and his students persisted, increasing output and putting these flamers \u201cin the same ballpark as today\u2019s best batteries.\u201d\u00a0 \u00a0Strano adds, \u201c&#8221; In fact, the energy efficiency is about 10,000 times greater than that reported in the original discovery paper.\u00a0\u00a0 Even at that, the battery is only one percent efficient at converting heat to electricity.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_10780\" style=\"width: 538px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-10780\" class=\"size-large wp-image-10780\" src=\"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/MIT-ThermopowerWaves_0-528x352.jpg\" alt=\"Thermopower waves race along carbon nanotubes coated with sugar or other flammable ingredient\" width=\"528\" height=\"352\" srcset=\"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/MIT-ThermopowerWaves_0-528x352.jpg 528w, http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/MIT-ThermopowerWaves_0-300x200.jpg 300w, http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/MIT-ThermopowerWaves_0.jpg 639w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 528px) 100vw, 528px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-10780\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Thermopower waves race along carbon nanotubes coated with sugar or other flammable ingredient<\/p><\/div>\n<p>As usual with such promising breakthroughs, the team suggests curbing our enthusiasm, a commercial products still being a few years away.<\/p>\n<p>In the meantime, he provides a colorful way of envisioning the energy producing \u201cwave\u201d that travels along the carbon nanotubes, likening the energy being propagated to surfers riding that wave.\u00a0 Like surfers, the energy might \u201cdivide into two different components,\u201d which can reinforce one another and sometimes counter each other.<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=KT6OTQGJxmw<\/p>\n<p>Since the video was made six years ago, the researchers have allowed further revelations about their technology, sharing things like fuel sources.\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/web.mit.edu\/stranogroup\/index.php\/research\/22-thermopower-waves.html\">Notes accompanying the video<\/a> show that \u201cElectrical pulses of specific power as high as 7 kW kg-1 were experimentally observed. This phenomenon of a self-propagating reaction wave leading to an electrical pulse generation was identified as thermopower waves. Studies show that the specific power scales inversely with the system size. This kind of energy source could have many potential applications because of its long shelf life and rapid energy discharge.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Noting that lithium-ion technology has 25 years of development time, his nanotube technology has only about five years of experimentation so far.\u00a0 Since lithium is extremely flammable and bursts into flame in the open air, his battery, which uses carbon and sugar, is intrinsically safe in its makeup.\u00a0 Both ingredients are renewable, non-toxic and easily repurposed or recycled.<\/p>\n<p>Better heat sources might generate more powerful waves, and the ability to store the dormant nanotube clusters and their fuel would enable their use on missions like long-term space flights.\u00a0 Scalability enables making this type of system large enough for grid power generation or wearable electronics devices.<\/p>\n<p>Kourosh Kalantar-Zadeh, a professor of electrical and computer engineering at RMIT University in Australia, who was not involved in this research, says. \u201cI believe that we are still far from the upper limit that the thermopower wave devices can potentially reach.\u00a0 However, this step makes the technology more attractive for real applications\u201d partly because \u201cWe can obtain phenomenal bursts of power, which is not possible from batteries. For instance, the thermopower wave systems can be used for powering long-distance transmission units in micro- and nano-telecommunication hubs.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The new results were published in <a href=\"http:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/Content\/ArticleLanding\/2016\/EE\/C5EE03651H#!divAbstract\">the journal\u00a0<em>Energy &amp; Environmental Science<\/em>, in a paper by Strano<\/a>, doctoral students Sayalee Mahajan PhD \u201915 and Albert Liu, and five others.<\/p>\n<p>The team also included Anton Cottrill, Yuichiro Kunai, David Bender, Javier Castillo Jr., and Stephen Gibbs. The work was supported by the<\/p>\n<p>The paper\u2019s abstract provides a few additional insights into the team\u2019s efforts.\u00a0 \u201cThere is a pressing need to find alternatives to conventional batteries such as Li-ion, which contain toxic metals, present recycling difficulties due to harmful inorganic components, and rely on elements in finite global supply. Thermopower wave (TPW) devices, which convert chemical to electrical energy by means of self-propagating reaction waves guided along nanostructured thermal conduits, have the potential to address this demand. Herein, we demonstrate orders of magnitude higher chemical-to-electrical conversion efficiency of thermopower wave devices, in excess of 1%, with sustainable fuels such as sucrose and NaN3\u00a0for the first time, that produce energy densities on par with Li-ion batteries operating at 80% efficiency (0.2 MJ L\u22121\u00a0versus\u00a00.8 MJ L\u22121). We show that efficiency can be increased significantly by selecting fuels such as sodium azide or sucrose with potassium nitrate to offset the inherent penalty in chemical potential imposed by strongly p-doping fuels, a validation of the predictions of Excess Thermopower theory. Such TPW devices can be scaled to lengths greater than 10 cm and durations longer than 10 s, an over 5-fold improvement over the highest reported values, and they are capable of powering a commercial LED device. Lastly, a mathematical model of wave propagation, coupling thermal and electron transport with energy losses, is presented to describe the dynamics of power generation, explaining why both unipolar and bipolar waveforms can be observed. These results represent a significant advancement toward realizing TPW devices as new portable, high power density energy sources that are metal-free.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><em>* Your editor was a bit non-plussed at the name, thinking it might be typo.\u00a0 Research revealed that there really was a<a href=\"http:\/\/digging-history.com\/2016\/01\/18\/tombstone-tuesday-carbon-petroleum-dubbs-a-for-real-name-with-a-rags-to-riches-story\/\"> Carbon Petroleum Dubbs,<\/a> born in 1881, just as oil was coming into its own in his birth state of Pennsylvania.\u00a0 His father gave him the name \u201cCarbon,\u201d and he added the \u201cP\u201d when he was older to make the name \u201cmore euphonious.\u201d\u00a0 People thought the middle initial might stand for \u201cPetroleum\u201d and the full name stuck.<\/em><\/p>\n<div id=\"facebook_like\"><iframe src=\"http:\/\/www.facebook.com\/plugins\/like.php?href=http%3A%2F%2Fcafe.foundation%2Fblog%2Fburning-your-batteries-behind-you%2F&amp;layout=standard&amp;show_faces=true&amp;width=500&amp;action=like&amp;font=segoe+ui&amp;colorscheme=light&amp;height=80\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none; overflow:hidden; width:500px; height:80px;\" allowTransparency=\"true\"><\/iframe><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; Mary Grady\u2019s report at AvWeb alerted your editor to this exciting development. Imagine a battery capable of seven times the energy output of any lithium battery now in existence, made of non-toxic, easily recycled materials.\u00a0 One aspect of this new energy source might give you pause, however.\u00a0 You have to set fire to the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6862,6680,15,14],"tags":[3865,7121,7112,361,776,7114,7117,1713,7115,7119,356,208,775,7120,7116,7118,3418,7113],"class_list":["post-10779","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-batteries","category-electric-aircraft-components","category-electric_powerplants","category-sustainable_ga","tag-air-force-office-of-scientific-research","tag-albert-liu","tag-anton-cottrill","tag-avweb","tag-carbon-nanotubes","tag-david-bender","tag-dr-michael-strano","tag-energy-environmental-science","tag-javier-castillo-jr","tag-kourosh-kalantar-zadeh","tag-mary-grady","tag-massachusetts-institute-of-technology","tag-mit","tag-sayalee-mahajan","tag-stephen-gibbs","tag-the-carbon-p-dubbs-professor-in-chemical-engineering","tag-the-office-of-naval-research","tag-yuichiro-kunai"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Burning Your Batteries Behind You - CAFE Foundation Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/burning-your-batteries-behind-you\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Burning Your Batteries Behind You - CAFE Foundation Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"&nbsp; Mary Grady\u2019s report at AvWeb alerted your editor to this exciting development. 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