{"id":10884,"date":"2016-06-07T10:25:43","date_gmt":"2016-06-07T17:25:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/?p=10884"},"modified":"2016-06-07T10:29:21","modified_gmt":"2016-06-07T17:29:21","slug":"revisiting-the-artificial-leaf","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/revisiting-the-artificial-leaf\/","title":{"rendered":"Revisiting the Artificial Leaf"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Many scientists are turning to mimicking nature to probe its secrets, but Daniel Nocera, the Patterson Rockwood Professor of Energy at Harvard University, has gone far beyond his natural model.\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/the-artificial-leaf\/\">Reported in 2012, <\/a>Nocera came up with the idea of an \u201cartificial leaf,\u201d a silicon sheet with a layer of cobalt-based catalyst that releases oxygen on one side and a layer a nickel-molybdenum-zinc alloy on the other side that releases hydrogen.\u00a0 Several researchers have followed this initial breakthrough, trying different materials and combinations of ingredients.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Bionic Leaf Turns Sunlight Into Liquid Fuel\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/2KRlRhNbxKg?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>For a while, it looked as though Nocera turned his attention to battery development, but recent news shows he\u2019s back investigating artificial leaves \u2013 with great improvements over his initial efforts \u2013 and those of nature, it would seem.<\/p>\n<p>His newest approach combines the catalytic energy of the original leaf with a bacterium that makes useful fluids out of the hydrogen generated.\u00a0 It makes the leaf\u2019s output a practical liquid \u2013 a fuel.<\/p>\n<p>It probably helps that Pamela Silver, the Elliott T. and Onie H. Adams Professor of Biochemistry and Systems Biology at Harvard Medical School, can add insights into the biological processes that enhance the chemistry involved with the artificial leaf.<\/p>\n<p>The Harvard <em>Gazette<\/em> reports, \u201cIn many ways, Nocera said, the new system marks the fulfillment of the promise of his \u2018artificial leaf \u2013 which used solar power to split water and make hydrogen fuel.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_10885\" style=\"width: 538px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-10885\" class=\"size-large wp-image-10885\" src=\"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/nocera-leaf-528x297.jpg\" alt=\"The inspiration for the artificial leaf, just hanging off trees everywhere\" width=\"528\" height=\"297\" srcset=\"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/nocera-leaf-528x297.jpg 528w, http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/nocera-leaf-300x169.jpg 300w, http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/nocera-leaf-768x432.jpg 768w, http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/nocera-leaf.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 528px) 100vw, 528px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-10885\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The inspiration for the artificial leaf, just hanging off trees everywhere<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&#8220;\u2019If you think about it, photosynthesis is amazing,\u2019 he said. \u2018It takes sunlight, water and air&#8211;and then look at a tree. That&#8217;s exactly what we did, but we do it significantly better, because we turn all that energy into a fuel.\u2019&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/jeffmcmahon\/2016\/05\/29\/harvard-scientist-engineers-a-superbug-that-inhales-co2-produces-energy\/#2149fa0f5a9d\"><em>Forbes Magazine<\/em> added<\/a> that Nocera told the Energy Policy Institute at Chicago, \u201cRight now we\u2019re making isopropanol, isobutanol, isopentanol. These are all alcohols you can burn directly. And it\u2019s coming from hydrogen from split water, and it\u2019s breathing in CO2. That\u2019s what this bug\u2019s doing.\u201d\u00a0 The \u201cbug,\u201d <em>Raistonia\u00a0eutropha, <\/em>consumes hydrogen and CO2 and converts them into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy\u00a0molecule\u00a0used by natural organisms.<\/p>\n<p>Combining chemistry and biology turns out to make things hum along nicely, 10 times more efficiently than natural photosynthesis can manage.\u00a0 Leaves convert about one percent of sunlight into useful stuff in plants.\u00a0 Nocera and his team are managing 10-percent conversions.<\/p>\n<p>According to <em>Forbes<\/em>, the process is essentially carbon neutral.\u00a0 A one-liter reactor filled with Nocera\u2019s bacteria can capture 500 liters of atmospheric CO2 per day. For every kilowatt hour of energy they produce, they\u2019ll remove 237 liters of CO2 from the air.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Why we need personalized energy for the poor | Daniel Nocera | TEDxHarvardCollege\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/zXBQjhXCydg?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Interestingly, Nocera, a member of the Indian Academy of Sciences, wants India to be among the first countries to develop his breakthrough.\u00a0 Nocera feels that since the technology can work in areas with no established power grid, and can make hydrogen out of even dirty water, undeveloped parts of countries like India will work hard to make the leaf work.\u00a0 Nocera has seen too many good ideas go unfulfilled because they can\u2019t guarantee an immediate payback to American investors.\u00a0 Tata, a major industrial firm in India, has worked with Nocera in developing the original leaf. \u00a0His sometimes quirky Ted Talk explains much of his reasoning.<\/p>\n<p>Nocera, Silver, and their team, including Chong Liu, Brendan C. Col\u00f3n, and Marika Ziesack, published their findings in the <a href=\"http:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/352\/6290\/1210\">June 3 issue of the journal <em>Science<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n<div id=\"facebook_like\"><iframe src=\"http:\/\/www.facebook.com\/plugins\/like.php?href=http%3A%2F%2Fcafe.foundation%2Fblog%2Frevisiting-the-artificial-leaf%2F&amp;layout=standard&amp;show_faces=true&amp;width=500&amp;action=like&amp;font=segoe+ui&amp;colorscheme=light&amp;height=80\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none; overflow:hidden; width:500px; height:80px;\" allowTransparency=\"true\"><\/iframe><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Many scientists are turning to mimicking nature to probe its secrets, but Daniel Nocera, the Patterson Rockwood Professor of Energy at Harvard University, has gone far beyond his natural model.\u00a0 Reported in 2012, Nocera came up with the idea of an \u201cartificial leaf,\u201d a silicon sheet with a layer of cobalt-based catalyst that releases oxygen [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6686,6834,14],"tags":[7289,7161,3135,7290,7291,7292,7293,3892,3288,7294,7295,3580,5924,7296],"class_list":["post-10884","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-biofuels","category-solar-power","category-sustainable_ga","tag-brendan-c-colon","tag-chong-liu","tag-dr-daniel-nocera","tag-dr-pamela-silver","tag-energy-policy-institute","tag-forbes-magazine","tag-harvard-gazette","tag-harvard-medical-school","tag-harvard-university","tag-indian-academy-of-sciences","tag-marika-ziesack","tag-science-journal","tag-the-elliott-t-and-onie-h-adams-professor-of-biochemistry-and-systems-biology","tag-the-patterson-rockwood-professor-of-energy"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Revisiting the Artificial Leaf - CAFE Foundation Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/revisiting-the-artificial-leaf\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Revisiting the Artificial Leaf - CAFE Foundation Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Many scientists are turning to mimicking nature to probe its secrets, but Daniel Nocera, the Patterson Rockwood Professor of Energy at Harvard University, has gone far beyond his natural model.\u00a0 Reported in 2012, Nocera came up with the idea of an \u201cartificial leaf,\u201d a silicon sheet with a layer of cobalt-based catalyst that releases oxygen [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/revisiting-the-artificial-leaf\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"CAFE Foundation Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-06-07T17:25:43+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2016-06-07T17:29:21+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/nocera-leaf-528x297.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Dean Sigler\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Dean Sigler\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/revisiting-the-artificial-leaf\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/revisiting-the-artificial-leaf\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Dean Sigler\",\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/e9c06a89f78d39fc03473ec90f4902a7\"},\"headline\":\"Revisiting the Artificial Leaf\",\"datePublished\":\"2016-06-07T17:25:43+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2016-06-07T17:29:21+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/revisiting-the-artificial-leaf\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":591,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/revisiting-the-artificial-leaf\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2016\\\/06\\\/nocera-leaf-528x297.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Brendan C. 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