{"id":11243,"date":"2017-01-21T00:05:50","date_gmt":"2017-01-21T07:05:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/?p=11243"},"modified":"2017-01-31T11:54:44","modified_gmt":"2017-01-31T18:54:44","slug":"twisting-turning-and-nailing-the-landing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/twisting-turning-and-nailing-the-landing\/","title":{"rendered":"Twisting, Turning and Nailing the Landing"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>We like to think that our mastery of aerobatics is second to none, but aircraft only achieve a small part of the birds\u2019 ability to hover, swoop, and perch on a target at zero forward airspeed.\u00a0 Researchers in Switzerland and England, though, are making progress toward deeper emulation of nature\u2019s masters of flight.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Our Fine Feathered Drone<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Dano Floreano and his team of researchers at\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/actu.epfl.ch\/news\/a-drone-that-flies-almost-like-a-bird\/\">Switzerland\u2019s \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale De Lausanne\u2019s (EPFL) Laboratory of Intelligent Systems,<\/a> obviously spent lots of time observing birds in flight, noting that our avian friends alter their wing configuration to \u201cchange direction, increase their speed or counter headwinds.\u201d\u00a0 Changing wing shape helps birds make near-instantaneous maneuvers.<\/p>\n<p>Floreano, attempting to mimic the birds\u2019 movements, helped develop a series of wing-tip elements that emulate the primary flight feathers on birds.\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0Matteo di Luca, one of the researchers, explained, &#8220;We were inspired by birds: they can radically transform the size and shape of their wings because they have an articulated skeleton that is controlled by muscles and covered in feathers that overlap when the wings are folded.\u201d \u00a0The drone also has feathers that it can fold and overlap like a fan.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"A drone that flies (almost) like a bird\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Vgtdg1ClLzg?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Floreano found one advantage to the folding mechanism, though \u2013 the ability to forego ailerons normally found on drones.\u00a0 \u201cBy changing the wingspan and surface area during flight, we could make it turn automatically.&#8221;\u00a0 This kind of morphing wing might be able to adapt not just to winds and gusts, but enable the bird-like drone to fly in urban environments where winds change rapidly.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_11244\" style=\"width: 538px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-11244\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11244\" src=\"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Feathered_morphing_drone-528x528.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"528\" height=\"528\" srcset=\"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Feathered_morphing_drone-528x528.jpg 528w, http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Feathered_morphing_drone-150x150.jpg 150w, http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Feathered_morphing_drone-300x300.jpg 300w, http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Feathered_morphing_drone-768x768.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 528px) 100vw, 528px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-11244\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Clever mechanism allows sequential folding of outer feathers<\/p><\/div>\n<p>This work was funded by NCCR Robotics.\u00a0 The team\u2019s paper, \u201cBioinspired\u00a0morphing wings for extended flight envelope\u00a0and roll control of small drones,\u201d can be found in the <a href=\"http:\/\/rsfs.royalsocietypublishing.org\/content\/7\/1\/20160092\">December 16, 2016 issue of <em>Interface Focus<\/em>.<\/a>\u00a0 Luckily, the entire paper can be viewed for free.\u00a0 The cleverness of the wing-tip feather folding mechanism is readily apparent.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Nailing the Landing<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>How does a bird do that little swoop, pull-up and perching maneuver so precisely?\u00a0 Whether it lands on a telephone line, tree branch, or hillside, a bird has a natural ability to set itself down and literally stop on a dime.\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bristol.ac.uk\/news\/2017\/january\/uav-perched-landing.html\">University of Bristol <\/a>and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bmtdsl.co.uk\/\">BMT Defense Services<\/a> have managed to duplicate that tricky maneuver, something a gymnast would give her right leg to be able to do.<\/p>\n<p>Creating machine learning algorithms, the groups made the \u201cvery first\u201d unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) perched landing.\u00a0 Emulating birds\u2019 ability to plunk down in a confined space would make drone deliveries or smaller airports real possibilities.\u00a0 This is especially impressive with a fixed-wing machine, which would be able to drop in quietly, especially compared to the raucous entry and landing of a rotary-winged vehicle.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11245\" src=\"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/perching-uav.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"520\" height=\"251\" srcset=\"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/perching-uav.png 520w, http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/perching-uav-300x145.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 520px) 100vw, 520px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>BMT and the University \u201chave demonstrated how the combination of a morphing wing UAV and machine learning can be used to generate a trajectory to perform a perched landing on the ground.\u201d\u00a0 This overcomes the limitations of fixed and rigid wings, which don\u2019t allow for the kind of \u201corganic\u201d flight control birds seem to so naturally practice.\u00a0 The UAV has been tested at altitude, and the team is working toward repeatable ground landings.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Learning to perch a UAV on the ground using deep reinforcement learning\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/uU0WDWV6au8?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Team leaders cite the ability to \u201crevolutionize the way we gather information,\u201d and apply that harvest through artificial intelligence (AI) to \u201ccreate highly maneuverable and agile unmanned vehicles.<\/p>\n<p>The team reports the 18-month research project was delivered as part of the Defense Science and Technology Laboratory\u2019s (DSTL) Autonomous Systems Underpinning Research (ASUR) program.<\/p>\n<div id=\"facebook_like\"><iframe src=\"http:\/\/www.facebook.com\/plugins\/like.php?href=http%3A%2F%2Fcafe.foundation%2Fblog%2Ftwisting-turning-and-nailing-the-landing%2F&amp;layout=standard&amp;show_faces=true&amp;width=500&amp;action=like&amp;font=segoe+ui&amp;colorscheme=light&amp;height=80\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none; overflow:hidden; width:500px; height:80px;\" allowTransparency=\"true\"><\/iframe><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>We like to think that our mastery of aerobatics is second to none, but aircraft only achieve a small part of the birds\u2019 ability to hover, swoop, and perch on a target at zero forward airspeed.\u00a0 Researchers in Switzerland and England, though, are making progress toward deeper emulation of nature\u2019s masters of flight. Our Fine [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[7688,6774,7686,7684,7687,7683,7691,7690,7689,7685],"class_list":["post-11243","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-uncategorized","tag-artificial-intelligence-ai","tag-biomimicry","tag-bmt-defense-services","tag-dano-floreano","tag-defense-science-and-technology-laboratorys-dstl-autonomous-systems-underpinning-research-asur-program","tag-ecole-polytechnique-federale-de-lausannes-epfl-laboratory-of-intelligent-systems","tag-interface-focus-journal","tag-matteo-di-luca","tag-nccr-robotics","tag-university-of-bristol"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Twisting, Turning and Nailing the Landing - CAFE Foundation Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/twisting-turning-and-nailing-the-landing\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Twisting, Turning and Nailing the Landing - CAFE Foundation Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"We like to think that our mastery of aerobatics is second to none, but aircraft only achieve a small part of the birds\u2019 ability to hover, swoop, and perch on a target at zero forward airspeed.\u00a0 Researchers in Switzerland and England, though, are making progress toward deeper emulation of nature\u2019s masters of flight. 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