{"id":11247,"date":"2017-01-26T22:47:37","date_gmt":"2017-01-27T05:47:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/?p=11247"},"modified":"2017-01-26T22:47:37","modified_gmt":"2017-01-27T05:47:37","slug":"mike-friends-hybrid-electric-solution","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/mike-friends-hybrid-electric-solution\/","title":{"rendered":"Mike Friend\u2019s Hybrid Electric Solution"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Electric airplanes currently can give 15 or 20 minutes of intense aerobatics, or about an hour of more sedate cruising.\u00a0 What if you had a lovely little airplane that invited flinging it about the sky, but you still wanted to visit distant places?\u00a0 In 2005, Mike Friend owned a Silence Twister, a Spitfire-like single-seater registered as N787M, a nod to Mike\u2019s employer, Boeing. \u00a0He thought about making it a hybrid craft.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Waiting for Batteries<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>An early effort around 2010 by a German company to electrify the Twister did not produce a surge of orders, and Mike presented a 2011 symposium feature on making a hybrid out of the Twister to reduce its fuel burn while retaining its frisky character.\u00a0 That approach would have used a pod under the belly of the Twister, making it look like a fighter with an auxiliary fuel tank.\u00a0 Aerobatics combined with long-range seemed like a potential winner.<\/p>\n<p>Cute as it was, the concept was still a single-seat aircraft \u2013 and many of us enjoy taking our friends and family for flights.\u00a0 The major barrier to making a pure electric craft is still, after a decade of breathless announcements of great progress, the battery.\u00a0 Mike Friend explains,\u201d I have been involved in the design of electric airplanes since 2001, when I first proposed that Boeing build a fuel cell demonstrator aircraft powered by a hybrid electric power plant. 15 years ago, I was assured that within ten years the power density of batteries (and the cost of fuel cells, but that is another story\u2026) would improve to the point where electric flight could become practical. Here we are 15 years later, and the energy density of batteries that you and I can go out and purchase is only slightly better than it was at the turn of the century. So what do we do about this?\u201d<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"First public flight of Hamilton aEro electric Twister - FLYER magazine\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/2f9iovtnRwU?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Still Waiting<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Recent announcements and video of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flyer.co.uk\/hamilton-reveals-swiss-made-electric-aerobatic-twister\/\">Hamilton aEro Electric Twister<\/a> flying in Switzerland show the sleek cowling made possible by the compact Siemens motor.\u00a0 A three-blade scimitar propeller graces the airplane\u2019s nose.\u00a0 But the one hour endurance at cruise and roughly fifteen minutes battery availability for full-out aerobatics demonstrates Mike Friend\u2019s premise that we really haven\u2019t progressed very far with real-world battery performance.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Mike\u2019s Hybrid Solution<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Mike sees a workaround that employs current technology.\u00a0 \u201cRange-extender hybrids having a relatively small battery pack used for takeoff and climb, with a gasoline powered range extender putting out enough power for cruise flight.\u201d\u00a0 This is similar to the solution Stuttgart University came up with for the e-Genius \u2013 with a power pod on the right wing.\u00a0 It also follows the power system used on the Equator P2.\u00a0 With available batteries able to produce half of the 350 Watt-hours per kilogram needed for practical power for a light aircraft, Mike turns to a hybrid solution.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Electric Flight Symposium 2015: Mike Friend\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/8OgQzaMv0kw?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Mike spoke at the Powering Imagination Symposium at Seattle\u2019s Museum of Flight \u2013 an event organized by Erik Lindbergh and Eric Bartsch.\u00a0 He reflects on the consensus among speakers there regarding the energy storage capacity needed to enable practical pure electric aircraft. \u201cThe number we agreed on was 350 watt-hours per kilogram. This is a number that is not only for the battery cells, but also for the Battery Management System, and for the battery housing. \u00a0Upon hearing my story on battery performance, I often hear the words \u201cbut Mike, that is so depressing! I thought we were just months away from being able to buy an electric airplane.\u201d I, on the other hand, don\u2019t find it depressing at all, but rather a grand engineering challenge! As my first boss at Boeing told me many years ago, \u2018Physics is a harsh mistress.\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Mike notes that electric aircraft, to win converts, must perform at least equally to available fossil-fuel driven aircraft.\u00a0 He explains that Teslas are popular because their performance exceeds that of many conventional cars. \u00a0He points to his 70-year-old Aeronca L-16A (a military version of the Champion), which carries two people, can take off in 200 meters (650 feet), climb at three meters per second (590 feet per minute), and cruise 140 kilometers per hour (87 mph) for two hours (with a 30-minute fuel reserve).<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_11249\" style=\"width: 529px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-11249\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11249\" src=\"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/friend-NGAero-Stellar.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"519\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/friend-NGAero-Stellar.jpeg 519w, http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/friend-NGAero-Stellar-300x277.jpeg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 519px) 100vw, 519px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-11249\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">NG Aero Stellar One &#8211; Mike&#8217;s concept for hybrid power<\/p><\/div>\n<p>He posits that a modern electric example would need at least 75 horsepower, but with a sleeker design, could cruise at 140 kph on only 15 kilowatts (20 hp).\u00a0 It would use \u201ca relatively small lithium-ion battery pack, combined with a gasoline motor capable of providing the 15 kW needed for cruising flight.\u201d\u00a0 Since Mike and his wife cruise around Puget Sound on a MotoGuzzi cycle, he suggests the 850 cc MotoGuzzi V9 as a drive unit for both the propeller and range extender.\u00a0 It weighs a mere 43 kilograms (94.6 pounds) and can put out \u201cslightly more than 15 kW of power at the low 2500 RPM that a quiet propeller should turn. Why turn the engine so slowly? Because a direct drive is much lighter and simpler than a gear reduction drive, and turning the engine slowly should keep it quiet and reliable.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIf more power was needed from the sustainer motor, a gear or belt reduction could be installed. My plan is to mount the electric motor directly to the clutch side of the Guzzi engine. The Spanish firm Axter has already done something similar, mounting an electric motor to the front of a Rotax 912. A clutch is placed between the gasoline motor and the electric motor. For quiet electric operation, the clutch is open and the electric motor directly drives the prop. For cruising operations, the clutch is closed, starting the gasoline motor, and the gas motor drives the prop through the electric motor shaft. As the gasoline motor takes over at cruise, the electric motor becomes a generator, slowly charging the battery pack that was drained during takeoff and climb. The Guzzi motor burns about 1 gallon (4 liters) per hour of operation at 15 kW, so a 2 gallon (8 liter) tank would provide 2 hours of cruising flight at 140 kilometers per hour.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Mike\u2019s hypothetical example airplane is based on a Swiss design by Bernard Clausen and Cristophe Bourban called the Stellar One.\u00a0 In their concept, a BMW motorcycle engine sat behind the pilot and passenger, with power transmitted to the propeller by a shaft passing between the two.\u00a0 Mike\u2019s alternative approach puts the electric motor at the propeller end and the sustainer engine in place of the original BMW.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-11250\" src=\"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/img002-528x273.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"528\" height=\"273\" srcset=\"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/img002-528x273.jpg 528w, http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/img002-300x155.jpg 300w, http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/img002-768x397.jpg 768w, http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/img002.jpg 1415w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 528px) 100vw, 528px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Mike concludes, \u201cWhy, you might ask, go to all of this trouble just to match the performance of a 70 year old antique? For starters, I believe that electric power is the future, and we need to start finding a way to that future with the technology at hand today. Until the long-anticipated improvement in batteries to the 350 watt-hr per kilogram level becomes a reality, I think a hybrid is the best way forward.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Mike is president of Experimental Aircraft Association 406, serving the Bremerton\/Puget Sound area near Seattle, Washington.\u00a0 He retired from his position as Technology Director for Boeing last year and is obviously still pursuing the hope of improving light aircraft economy and making such craft good environmental citizens.<\/p>\n<div id=\"facebook_like\"><iframe src=\"http:\/\/www.facebook.com\/plugins\/like.php?href=http%3A%2F%2Fcafe.foundation%2Fblog%2Fmike-friends-hybrid-electric-solution%2F&amp;layout=standard&amp;show_faces=true&amp;width=500&amp;action=like&amp;font=segoe+ui&amp;colorscheme=light&amp;height=80\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none; overflow:hidden; width:500px; height:80px;\" allowTransparency=\"true\"><\/iframe><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Electric airplanes currently can give 15 or 20 minutes of intense aerobatics, or about an hour of more sedate cruising.\u00a0 What if you had a lovely little airplane that invited flinging it about the sky, but you still wanted to visit distant places?\u00a0 In 2005, Mike Friend owned a Silence Twister, a Spitfire-like single-seater registered [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6862,15,6894,14],"tags":[7692,377,7693,5898,567,7695,5899,7697,5959,7696,7694],"class_list":["post-11247","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-batteries","category-electric_powerplants","category-hybrid-aircraft","category-sustainable_ga","tag-bernard-clausen","tag-boeing","tag-cristophe-bourban","tag-eric-bartsch","tag-erik-lindbergh","tag-hamilton-aero-electric-twister","tag-mike-friend","tag-ng-aero","tag-powering-imagination","tag-seattle-museum-of-flight","tag-stellar-one"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Mike Friend\u2019s Hybrid Electric Solution - CAFE Foundation Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/mike-friends-hybrid-electric-solution\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Mike Friend\u2019s Hybrid Electric Solution - CAFE Foundation Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Electric airplanes currently can give 15 or 20 minutes of intense aerobatics, or about an hour of more sedate cruising.\u00a0 What if you had a lovely little airplane that invited flinging it about the sky, but you still wanted to visit distant places?\u00a0 In 2005, Mike Friend owned a Silence Twister, a Spitfire-like single-seater registered [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/mike-friends-hybrid-electric-solution\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"CAFE Foundation Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2017-01-27T05:47:37+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/friend-NGAero-Stellar.jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Dean Sigler\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Dean Sigler\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/mike-friends-hybrid-electric-solution\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/mike-friends-hybrid-electric-solution\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Dean Sigler\",\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/e9c06a89f78d39fc03473ec90f4902a7\"},\"headline\":\"Mike Friend\u2019s Hybrid Electric Solution\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-01-27T05:47:37+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/mike-friends-hybrid-electric-solution\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1211,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/mike-friends-hybrid-electric-solution\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2017\\\/01\\\/friend-NGAero-Stellar.jpeg\",\"keywords\":[\"Bernard Clausen\",\"Boeing\",\"Cristophe Bourban\",\"Eric Bartsch\",\"Erik Lindbergh\",\"Hamilton aEro Electric Twister\",\"Mike Friend\",\"NG Aero\",\"Powering Imagination\",\"Seattle Museum of Flight\",\"Stellar One\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Batteries\",\"Electric Powerplants\",\"Hybrid Aircraft\",\"Sustainable Aviation\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"http:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/mike-friends-hybrid-electric-solution\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/mike-friends-hybrid-electric-solution\\\/\",\"url\":\"http:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/mike-friends-hybrid-electric-solution\\\/\",\"name\":\"Mike Friend\u2019s Hybrid Electric Solution - CAFE Foundation Blog\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/mike-friends-hybrid-electric-solution\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/mike-friends-hybrid-electric-solution\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2017\\\/01\\\/friend-NGAero-Stellar.jpeg\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-01-27T05:47:37+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/e9c06a89f78d39fc03473ec90f4902a7\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/mike-friends-hybrid-electric-solution\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"http:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/mike-friends-hybrid-electric-solution\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/mike-friends-hybrid-electric-solution\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"http:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2017\\\/01\\\/friend-NGAero-Stellar.jpeg\",\"contentUrl\":\"http:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2017\\\/01\\\/friend-NGAero-Stellar.jpeg\",\"width\":519,\"height\":480,\"caption\":\"NG Aero Stellar One - Mike's concept for hybrid power\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/mike-friends-hybrid-electric-solution\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"http:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Mike Friend\u2019s Hybrid Electric Solution\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"http:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/\",\"name\":\"CAFE Foundation Blog\",\"description\":\"Information and discussion from the Comparative Aircraft Flight Efficiency (CAFE) Foundation.\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"http:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/e9c06a89f78d39fc03473ec90f4902a7\",\"name\":\"Dean Sigler\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/0da6e77f17fefcd82e6b725d7f52d2ee07f3aa62cd3699007b8af82a7b52dc23?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/0da6e77f17fefcd82e6b725d7f52d2ee07f3aa62cd3699007b8af82a7b52dc23?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/0da6e77f17fefcd82e6b725d7f52d2ee07f3aa62cd3699007b8af82a7b52dc23?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Dean Sigler\"},\"sameAs\":[\"http:\\\/\\\/cafefoundation.org\"],\"url\":\"http:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/author\\\/admin\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Mike Friend\u2019s Hybrid Electric Solution - CAFE Foundation Blog","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/mike-friends-hybrid-electric-solution\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Mike Friend\u2019s Hybrid Electric Solution - CAFE Foundation Blog","og_description":"Electric airplanes currently can give 15 or 20 minutes of intense aerobatics, or about an hour of more sedate cruising.\u00a0 What if you had a lovely little airplane that invited flinging it about the sky, but you still wanted to visit distant places?\u00a0 In 2005, Mike Friend owned a Silence Twister, a Spitfire-like single-seater registered [&hellip;]","og_url":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/mike-friends-hybrid-electric-solution\/","og_site_name":"CAFE Foundation Blog","article_published_time":"2017-01-27T05:47:37+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/friend-NGAero-Stellar.jpeg","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"author":"Dean Sigler","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Dean Sigler","Est. reading time":"6 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/mike-friends-hybrid-electric-solution\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/mike-friends-hybrid-electric-solution\/"},"author":{"name":"Dean Sigler","@id":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/e9c06a89f78d39fc03473ec90f4902a7"},"headline":"Mike Friend\u2019s Hybrid Electric Solution","datePublished":"2017-01-27T05:47:37+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/mike-friends-hybrid-electric-solution\/"},"wordCount":1211,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/mike-friends-hybrid-electric-solution\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/friend-NGAero-Stellar.jpeg","keywords":["Bernard Clausen","Boeing","Cristophe Bourban","Eric Bartsch","Erik Lindbergh","Hamilton aEro Electric Twister","Mike Friend","NG Aero","Powering Imagination","Seattle Museum of Flight","Stellar One"],"articleSection":["Batteries","Electric Powerplants","Hybrid Aircraft","Sustainable Aviation"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/mike-friends-hybrid-electric-solution\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/mike-friends-hybrid-electric-solution\/","url":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/mike-friends-hybrid-electric-solution\/","name":"Mike Friend\u2019s Hybrid Electric Solution - CAFE Foundation Blog","isPartOf":{"@id":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/mike-friends-hybrid-electric-solution\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/mike-friends-hybrid-electric-solution\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/friend-NGAero-Stellar.jpeg","datePublished":"2017-01-27T05:47:37+00:00","author":{"@id":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/e9c06a89f78d39fc03473ec90f4902a7"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/mike-friends-hybrid-electric-solution\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/mike-friends-hybrid-electric-solution\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/mike-friends-hybrid-electric-solution\/#primaryimage","url":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/friend-NGAero-Stellar.jpeg","contentUrl":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/friend-NGAero-Stellar.jpeg","width":519,"height":480,"caption":"NG Aero Stellar One - Mike's concept for hybrid power"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/mike-friends-hybrid-electric-solution\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Mike Friend\u2019s Hybrid Electric Solution"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/#website","url":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/","name":"CAFE Foundation Blog","description":"Information and discussion from the Comparative Aircraft Flight Efficiency (CAFE) Foundation.","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/e9c06a89f78d39fc03473ec90f4902a7","name":"Dean Sigler","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0da6e77f17fefcd82e6b725d7f52d2ee07f3aa62cd3699007b8af82a7b52dc23?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0da6e77f17fefcd82e6b725d7f52d2ee07f3aa62cd3699007b8af82a7b52dc23?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0da6e77f17fefcd82e6b725d7f52d2ee07f3aa62cd3699007b8af82a7b52dc23?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Dean Sigler"},"sameAs":["http:\/\/cafefoundation.org"],"url":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/author\/admin\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11247","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11247"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11247\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11251,"href":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11247\/revisions\/11251"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11247"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11247"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11247"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}