{"id":11642,"date":"2017-11-14T14:44:37","date_gmt":"2017-11-14T21:44:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/?p=11642"},"modified":"2017-11-14T14:51:05","modified_gmt":"2017-11-14T21:51:05","slug":"doing-more-with-less-bli-on-a-big-scale","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/doing-more-with-less-bli-on-a-big-scale\/","title":{"rendered":"Doing More with Less \u2013 BLI on a Big Scale"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Hybrid and electric cars sell because they lower operating costs for the owner.\u00a0 Designers and manufacturers sort out ways to increase efficiency, including streamlining, using low-rolling-resistance tires, and making structures lighter.\u00a0 An added technology, boundary layer ingestion (BLI) may add to aircraft efficiency.<\/p>\n<p>NASA and industry leaders are working on equivalent solutions for aircraft, and airplanes will end up as different from today\u2019s designs as Toyota Priuses and BMW i3s are from Ford Falcons or Chevrolet Corvettes.\u00a0 NASA proclaims, \u201cAn aviation renaissance, one focused on energy efficiency and economic impact, is on the horizon, and it\u2019s changing how engineers look at aircraft power and design.\u201d<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_12354\" style=\"width: 538px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12354\" class=\"size-large wp-image-12354\" src=\"http:\/\/sustainableskies.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/STARCabl-528x331.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"528\" height=\"331\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-12354\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">STARC-ABL configuration uses smaller jet engines under wings, electric motor in tail to reduce drag<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Jim Heidmann, a\u00a0manager of NASA\u2019s Advanced Air Transport Technology Project (AATT), says, \u201cI feel we are at a tipping point in commercial aviation.\u00a0 We are exploring and developing game-changing technologies and concepts for aircraft and propulsion systems that can dramatically improve efficiency and reduce environmental impact and accelerate the introduction of new aircraft.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Think of incredibly efficient aircraft such as Eric Raymond\u2019s Sunseeker Duo, or Stuttgart University\u2019s e-Genius.\u00a0 Both fly on low power: (22 kilowatts &#8211; 29.4 horsepower) transport Eric and wife Irena around Italy and Switzerland), and both transcend the heights with marvelously little noise.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"NASA STARC-ABL - Single-aisle Turboelectric AiRCraft with Aft Boundary Layer propulsion\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/HwkKAgqmA18?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Now, think about <a href=\"https:\/\/newatlas.com\/nasa-starc-bli-engine\/52112\/\">scaling that efficiency to 100-or-more-passenger airliners<\/a>.\u00a0 The more efficient craft will look different, be lighter, and use different mechanisms for propulsion.\u00a0 To achieve the quieter, lower emission, more efficient future aircraft, NASA is working with industry and academia to craft \u201cdifferent fuselage shapes; longer, skinnier and more blended wings; innovative materials and components; and highly-integrated propulsion (engine) systems.\u201d<\/p>\n<h4><strong>STARC \u2013 Swallowing Its Own Boundary Layer<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>NASA\u2019s experimental outings include distributed propulsion and low-boom\u201d supersonic aircraft, but we\u2019ll first look at a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/feature\/aviation-renaissance-nasa-advances-concepts-for-next-gen-aircraft\">twin-jet airplane with an electric fan in its tail<\/a>.\u00a0 The STARC-ABL (single-aisle turboelectric aircraft with an aft [at the rear of the aircraft] boundary-layer propulsor) looks like a Boeing 737, but with smaller engines under the wings and a noticeable cylindrical bulge under its T-tail empennage.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Boundary Layer Inlet Animation | NASA Glenn Research Center\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/TbSbegHa1_M?start=20&#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>The wing-mounted engines produce 80-percent of the thrust required for takeoff and 55 percent at cruise.\u00a0 The tail-mounted boundary-layer ingestion turbofan provides the remaining thrust.\u00a0 According to researchers, this combination should reduce fuel consumption by around 10 percent.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ntrs.nasa.gov\/archive\/nasa\/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov\/20170005612.pdf\">NASA\u2019s presentation gives a high level of detail about the technology involved<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Smoothing the Way for a Tail Propulsor<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Engines hanging under the wings, as they do on most Boeing and Airbus products, present a neat aerodynamic advantage, skimming through undisturbed air.\u00a0 A turbine at the rear of a fuselage, as on a 727 or DC-10, has to deal with turbulence coming off the fuselage.\u00a0 Wind-tunnel tests at NASA Glenn are showing how to lower drag with this configuration.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-12352\" src=\"http:\/\/sustainableskies.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/BLI-Advantages-528x381.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"528\" height=\"381\" \/><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/aero\/reduce-fuel-burn-with-a-dose-of-bli\">Something counter-intuitive takes place at this point.<\/a>\u00a0 NASA explains, \u201cWith the engines in this location, the slower, boundary layer air enters the engine \u2013 or is ingested, as in boundary layer ingestion \u2013 and is then accelerated with the rest of the air passing through the engine and exhausted out the back.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt doesn\u2019t matter if the incoming boundary layer air winds up being compressed, mixed with fuel and burned to become part of the hot jet exhaust, or if the air flow bypasses around the engine core, through the fans and out the back.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>While this doesn\u2019t create more (or less) thrust, it does reduce drag, allowing the under-wing engines to produce less power and use less fuel.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Testing with a Life-Size Airplane \u2013 It\u2019s NEAT<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Going beyond wind tunnels, NASA is constructing a full-sized test apparatus, the <a href=\"https:\/\/ntrs.nasa.gov\/archive\/nasa\/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov\/20160010440.pdf\">NASA Electric Aircraft Test (NEAT) <\/a>test bed at Glenn Research Center.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_12351\" style=\"width: 538px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12351\" class=\"size-large wp-image-12351\" src=\"http:\/\/sustainableskies.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/BLI-in-NEAT-528x196.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"528\" height=\"196\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-12351\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">BLI prototype in NEAT test bed<\/p><\/div>\n<p>The 24 megawatt system is not the largest such test bed, but adequate for the needs of the single-aisle tests.<\/p>\n<p>Robert Jankovsky, NASA Engineering and Safety Center (NESC) Chief Engineer, sees future benefits and expanded horizons for this program.\u00a0 \u201cAs we move forward, we\u2019d like to further develop the powertrains for these and any other concepts that may prove viable by building and testing them at NEAT and other NASA facilities. \u00a0We\u2019ll identify key performance parameters for components such as motors, generators and power electronics, and any wind tunnel, altitude and other ground tests and flight demonstrations that are appropriate.\u201d<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Doubling Down along Similar Lines<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Aurora Flight Science\u2019s \u201cDouble Bubble\u201d D8 has been tested in an MIT wind tunnel, and uses boundary layer air from the top of its double-wide fuselage to feed its engines.\u00a0 Boeing recently acquired Aurora, so it will be interesting to see how they meld the technologies.\u00a0 The video highlights Aurora\u2019s contribution, but can be seen to be a close match to NASA and Boeing\u2019s work on a single-aisle solution.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The Future of Airliners? - Aurora D8\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/H7Z04Tl1-1Q?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Aurora explains, \u201cThe efficiency gains of the D8 are the result of a tightly integrated design approach. Increased lift generated by the wide \u201cdouble-bubble\u201d fuselage means smaller wings are needed to carry the vehicle\u2019s weight, resulting in less fuel to fly a given mission. When the engines are integrated into the back of the fuselage, thrust requirements are further reduced due to efficiencies from Boundary Layer Ingestion (BLI). This means that smaller engines can be used, which reduces weight and fuel even further. This cycle of repeated optimization is what gives the D8 such groundbreaking efficiency.\u201d<\/p>\n<div id=\"facebook_like\"><iframe src=\"http:\/\/www.facebook.com\/plugins\/like.php?href=http%3A%2F%2Fcafe.foundation%2Fblog%2Fdoing-more-with-less-bli-on-a-big-scale%2F&amp;layout=standard&amp;show_faces=true&amp;width=500&amp;action=like&amp;font=segoe+ui&amp;colorscheme=light&amp;height=80\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none; overflow:hidden; width:500px; height:80px;\" allowTransparency=\"true\"><\/iframe><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hybrid and electric cars sell because they lower operating costs for the owner.\u00a0 Designers and manufacturers sort out ways to increase efficiency, including streamlining, using low-rolling-resistance tires, and making structures lighter.\u00a0 An added technology, boundary layer ingestion (BLI) may add to aircraft efficiency. NASA and industry leaders are working on equivalent solutions for aircraft, and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6680,15,6894,14],"tags":[8263,416,4098,377,8264,8265,7030,207,4922,8266,6145],"class_list":["post-11642","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-electric-aircraft-components","category-electric_powerplants","category-hybrid-aircraft","category-sustainable_ga","tag-advanced-air-transport-technology-project-aatt","tag-airbus","tag-aurora-flight-sciences","tag-boeing","tag-boundary-layer-ingestion-bli","tag-eric-raymonds-sunseeker-duo","tag-jim-heidmann","tag-nasa","tag-nasa-glenn-research-center","tag-starc-abl","tag-stuttgart-universitys-e-genius"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Doing More with Less \u2013 BLI on a Big Scale - CAFE Foundation Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/doing-more-with-less-bli-on-a-big-scale\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Doing More with Less \u2013 BLI on a Big Scale - CAFE Foundation Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Hybrid and electric cars sell because they lower operating costs for the owner.\u00a0 Designers and manufacturers sort out ways to increase efficiency, including streamlining, using low-rolling-resistance tires, and making structures lighter.\u00a0 An added technology, boundary layer ingestion (BLI) may add to aircraft efficiency. 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