{"id":11885,"date":"2018-08-25T14:23:31","date_gmt":"2018-08-25T21:23:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/?p=11885"},"modified":"2018-08-25T14:23:31","modified_gmt":"2018-08-25T21:23:31","slug":"solid-state-progress-at-the-university-of-michigan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/solid-state-progress-at-the-university-of-michigan\/","title":{"rendered":"Solid-State Progress at the University of Michigan"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Battery breakthrough: Doubling performance with lithium metal that doesn\u2019t catch fire<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Longer-lasting drop-in replacements for lithium ion could be on the horizon<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>These two headlines top<a href=\"https:\/\/news.umich.edu\/battery-breakthrough-doubling-performance-with-lithium-metal-that-doesnt-catch-fire\/\"> a report by Angela Wegrecki from the University of Michigan\u2019s News Service,<\/a> and despite their hopeful vibes, may even elicit yawns.\u00a0 We see similar claims regularly, accompanied by promises of a five-year wait for the production models to begin rolling off the line.<\/p>\n<p>Most batteries are developed by researchers working with small budgets and small facilities.\u00a0 Thomas Edison had <a href=\"https:\/\/skeptics.stackexchange.com\/questions\/23820\/did-thomas-edison-test-1600-materials-for-the-filament-of-his-light-bulb\">40 assistants working with him to test the 1,600 different filaments <\/a>tried before hitting on a carbonized sewing thread that gave the light he was seeking.\u00a0 The University of Michigan has 2,700 square feet and probably numerous different researchers who want to use that space for different efforts. \u00a0\u00a0In that space not much larger than an average American home, scientists are extracting promising results.<\/p>\n<p>When the new lab was commissioned in 2015, it was already \u201cbooked solid into 2017.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/research.umich.edu\/powered\">Speaking with the UM News Service<\/a>, Dr. Greg Less, director of the lab, says that current research in the field is hampered by a lack of large-scale laboratory space. By providing such a space, researchers at the Battery Lab will be able to collect more in-depth and accurate data. And that, says Less, could lead to a breakthrough in battery power,<\/p>\n<p>Lab director Dr. Greg Less, says, \u201cWe\u2019re giving people the ability to make batteries better and faster than they would be able to do otherwise. That\u2019s really the key. It would be really awesome if some company were to develop a next-generation battery, and we come to find out their initial work was done here at the Battery Lab. That would be a dream come true.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The U-M Battery Lab: Where invention and manufacturing meet\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/MTqa-PfcmfU?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Recently, lucky researchers granted space and time in the laboratory announced \u201ca rechargeable battery technology that could double the output of today\u2019s lithium ion cells \u2013 drastically extending electric vehicle ranges and time between cell phone charges\u2014without taking up any added space.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Their research into solid-state electrolytes has resulted in a \u201croadmap to what could be the next generation of rechargeable batteries.\u201d\u00a0 Jeff Sakamoto, a U-M associate professor who leads the work, claims, \u201cThis could be a game-changer\u2014a paradigm shift in how a battery operates.\u201d<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_13055\" style=\"width: 538px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-13055\" class=\"wp-image-13055 size-large\" src=\"http:\/\/sustainableskies.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/U-Mich-battery-research-528x352.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"528\" height=\"352\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-13055\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nathan Taylor, a post-doctoral fellow in mechanical engineering, inspects a piece of lithium metal in the Phoenix Memorial Laboratory building. Image credit: Evan Dougherty, Michigan Engineering<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Sakamoto specializes in mechanical engineering of atomic-scale vacancies in advanced solid-state batteries and biomedical technologies. \u00a0He explains, \u201cWhile the connection between these seemingly disparate fields may not be obvious, they do share one aspect; nothing, or, more specifically, studying the absence of mass in solids.<\/p>\n<p>The University adds, \u201cThe Sakamoto group\u2019s recent work demonstrates the deliberate and controlled creation of Li-ion vacancies (absence of mass), in garnet-based crystal structures, is key in transforming a good ionic conductor into a super-ionic conductor. This class of ceramic material conducts Li-ions as fast as state-of-the-art liquid Li-ion electrolyte membranes, perhaps enabling advanced solid-state batteries.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Since their introduction in 1980s, rechargeable lithium batteries with liquid electrolyte have powered everything from iPhones to Teslas.\u00a0 They have a downside, though, sometimes bursting into flames when dendrites form inside, short the battery and ignite the electrolyte.<\/p>\n<p>To keep dendrites from forming U-M engineers stabilized the lithium metal surface of the electrodes with a ceramic layer, which also prevents degradation of the metal over time.<\/p>\n<p>Sakamoto explains, \u201cWhat we\u2019ve come up with is a different approach\u2014physically stabilizing the lithium metal surface with a ceramic.\u00a0 It\u2019s not combustible. We make it at over 1,800 degrees Fahrenheit in air. And there\u2019s no liquid, which is what typically fuels the battery fires you see.\u00a0 You get rid of that fuel, you get rid of the combustion.\u201d<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_13056\" style=\"width: 510px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-13056\" class=\"wp-image-13056 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/sustainableskies.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/u-mich-battery-heating.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-13056\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A demonstration of a machine that uses heat to densify a ceramic known as LLZO at 1,225 degrees Celsius. Image credit: Evan Dougherty, Michigan Engineering<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Early tests showed lithium metal growing through the ceramic electrolyte at low charging rates.\u00a0 This caused short circuits, much like those in liquid cells.\u00a0 Researchers chemically and mechanically gave a \u201cpristine surface\u201d that enabled even plating, suppressing dendrite formation and enabling \u201ca dramatic improvement in charging rates,\u201d according to Sakamoto.\u00a0 \u201cWith this breakthrough, we demonstrated we can charge the battery in 3 hours or less.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Nathan Taylor, a U-M post-doctoral fellow in mechanical engineering, observed no visible degradation.\u00a0 \u00a0\u201cWe did the same test for 22 days.\u00a0 The battery was just the same at the start as it was at the end. We didn\u2019t see any degradation. We aren\u2019t aware of any other bulk solid state electrolyte performing this well for this long.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Researchers think bulk solid-state electrolytes can allow drop-in replacements for current lithium ion batteries and use existing manufacturing facilities.\u00a0 Having verified their materials\u2019 performance, the group is making thin solid electrolyte layers to meet solid-state capacity requirements.<\/p>\n<p>The group\u2019s findings are published in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0378775318306529\">August 31 issue of the Journal of Power Sources.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>The research is funded by the Advanced Research Project Agency-Energy and the Department of Energy.<\/p>\n<div id=\"facebook_like\"><iframe src=\"http:\/\/www.facebook.com\/plugins\/like.php?href=http%3A%2F%2Fcafe.foundation%2Fblog%2Fsolid-state-progress-at-the-university-of-michigan%2F&amp;layout=standard&amp;show_faces=true&amp;width=500&amp;action=like&amp;font=segoe+ui&amp;colorscheme=light&amp;height=80\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none; overflow:hidden; width:500px; height:80px;\" allowTransparency=\"true\"><\/iframe><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Battery breakthrough: Doubling performance with lithium metal that doesn\u2019t catch fire Longer-lasting drop-in replacements for lithium ion could be on the horizon These two headlines top a report by Angela Wegrecki from the University of Michigan\u2019s News Service, and despite their hopeful vibes, may even elicit yawns.\u00a0 We see similar claims regularly, accompanied by promises [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6862,14],"tags":[8811,8812,8813,8814,8815,5628,8816,8817,1591],"class_list":["post-11885","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-batteries","category-sustainable_ga","tag-advanced-research-project-agency-energy","tag-battery-lab","tag-dr-greg-less","tag-evan-dougherty","tag-jeff-sakamoto","tag-journal-of-power-sources","tag-the-department-of-energy","tag-thomas-edison","tag-university-of-michigan"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - 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