{"id":12095,"date":"2019-04-14T17:22:18","date_gmt":"2019-04-15T00:22:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/?p=12095"},"modified":"2019-04-14T17:22:18","modified_gmt":"2019-04-15T00:22:18","slug":"faster-cleaner-and-less-pricey","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/faster-cleaner-and-less-pricey\/","title":{"rendered":"Faster, Cleaner AND Less Pricey?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>University of Michigan Research Sprinkled with Optimism (or Not)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Can electric Vertical Takeoff and Landing (eVTOL) machines provide the swift crossing of\u00a0 urban distances at a price that will attract the non-flying public? Can they do so while keeping pollution in check?<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_13757\" style=\"width: 538px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/sustainableskies.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/michigan-flying-car.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-13757\" class=\"wp-image-13757 size-large\" src=\"http:\/\/sustainableskies.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/michigan-flying-car-528x371.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"528\" height=\"371\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-13757\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artistic rendering of an electric vertical takeoff and landing taxi cruising through an urban center. (Credit: Dave Brenner\/U. of Michigan School for Environment and Sustainability.)<\/p><\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/news.umich.edu\/a-jetsons-future-assessing-the-role-of-flying-cars-in-sustainable-mobility\/\">A University of Michigan study, funded in part by Ford Motors,<\/a> concluded that taking a short (depending on definition) trip in an autonomous electric vertical takeoff and landing machine might not only be quicker than a ground-bound journey through gridlock, but might even be less expensive.\u00a0 These two factors are important if we are clean \u00a0the toxic atmosphere that hangs over our major cities, at least partly brought about by the constant transit of personal automobiles, public buses, and large trucks.\u00a0 Another aspect of the study, though, showed that certain trips will be less polluting if taken by conventional automobiles.\u00a0 This dichotomy comes from the nature of eVTOL flight compared to the distances to be traveled.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"A Jetsons future? Assessing the role of flying cars in sustainable mobility\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/bsxQiKT1I5g?start=4&#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Researchers published their findings in the April 9 <em>Nature Communications <\/em>under the title &#8220;Role of flying cars in sustainable mobility.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Authors included <a class=\"js-no-scroll\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-019-09426-0#auth-1\" data-test=\"author-name\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"open author\" data-track-category=\"article body\" data-track-label=\"link\">Akshat Kasliwal<\/a>, <a class=\"js-no-scroll\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-019-09426-0#auth-2\" data-test=\"author-name\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"open author\" data-track-category=\"article body\" data-track-label=\"link\">Noah J. Furbush<\/a>, <a class=\"js-no-scroll\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-019-09426-0#auth-3\" data-test=\"author-name\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"open author\" data-track-category=\"article body\" data-track-label=\"link\">James H. Gawron<\/a>, <a class=\"js-no-scroll\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-019-09426-0#auth-4\" data-test=\"author-name\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"open author\" data-track-category=\"article body\" data-track-label=\"link\">James R. McBride<\/a>, <a class=\"js-no-scroll\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-019-09426-0#auth-5\" data-test=\"author-name\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"open author\" data-track-category=\"article body\" data-track-label=\"link\">Timothy J. Wallington<\/a>, <a class=\"js-no-scroll\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-019-09426-0#auth-6\" data-test=\"author-name\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"open author\" data-track-category=\"article body\" data-track-label=\"link\">Robert D. De Kleine<\/a>, <a class=\"js-no-scroll\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-019-09426-0#auth-7\" data-test=\"author-name\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"open author\" data-track-category=\"article body\" data-track-label=\"link\">Hyung Chul Kim<\/a> and\u00a0 <a class=\"icon icon-right-top icon-mail-12x9-blue pr15 js-no-scroll\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-019-09426-0#auth-8\" data-test=\"author-name\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"open author\" data-track-category=\"article body\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-corresp-id=\"c1\">Gregory A. Keoleian.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>The full text is available, and will answer a lot of questions while raising others.\u00a0 Interestingly, while the paper highlights eVTOL\u00a0 technology, cited work by David Ullman and Vince Homer features their more conventional but ultra Short Takeoff and Landing (CSTOL) researches.\u00a0 The paper also uses material from Alex Stoll at Joby, where their S4 falls into the Uber eVTOL guidelines.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_13758\" style=\"width: 538px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/sustainableskies.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/VTOL-emissions-over-distances.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-13758\" class=\"wp-image-13758 size-large\" src=\"http:\/\/sustainableskies.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/VTOL-emissions-over-distances-528x253.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"528\" height=\"253\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-13758\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">VTOL GHG emissions over a range of trip distances. The GHG emission results for a single-occupant VTOL are broken out by the hover and cruise phases over trip distances from 5 to 250\u2009km. The climb phase is modeled as part of cruise. Furthermore, the takeoff and landing hover phases are combined for simplicity and the powerless descent phase is omitted, as it is assumed to have zero emissions. See the Methods section for details<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_13759\" style=\"width: 538px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/sustainableskies.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/GHG-emissions-by-distance-covered.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-13759\" class=\"wp-image-13759 size-large\" src=\"http:\/\/sustainableskies.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/GHG-emissions-by-distance-covered-528x272.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"528\" height=\"272\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-13759\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">GHG emissions normalized by vehicle-kilometers traveled. The GHG emission results for single-occupant VTOLs and ground-based vehicles (ICEV and BEV) are normalized by vehicle-kilometers traveled (VKT). This illustrates the impact of amortizing the fixed burden from the hover phase over longer distances. The VTOL GHG emissions break even with the ICEV at 35\u2009km<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_13760\" style=\"width: 538px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/sustainableskies.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/travel-time-comparison.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-13760\" class=\"wp-image-13760 size-large\" src=\"http:\/\/sustainableskies.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/travel-time-comparison-528x264.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"528\" height=\"264\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-13760\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Travel-time comparison. Travel-time results for the VTOL and ground-based vehicles (ICEV and BEV) are provided as a function of travel distance. Uncertainty bars show the impact of varying the assumptions for wind speed for VTOLs and urban-highway driving split for cars<\/p><\/div>\n<p><strong>Blackfly Shifts the Debate<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>While the UMich-Ford study discusses an Uber-like model of four- and five-passenger Urban Air Mobility (UAM) machines compared to conventional cars, Blackfly makes comparisons between their ultralight machine and more conventionally-sized vehicles.\u00a0 Of course, even with the need to levitate, Blackfly wins the efficiency and economy prize.\u00a0 The lesson here might be what Bill Stout (designer of the Ford Trimotor) taught us, \u201cSimplicate and add lightness.\u201d\u00a0 Particulary surprising its its noise level.\u00a0 Usually, small propellers turning fast produce high noise levels.\u00a0 This would be an aspect of Blackfly worth investigating.<\/p>\n<p><strong> <a href=\"http:\/\/sustainableskies.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Opener-Blackfly-and-others.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-13761\" src=\"http:\/\/sustainableskies.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Opener-Blackfly-and-others-528x266.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"528\" height=\"266\" \/><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Uber Counts the Cost<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>At a higher level, according to its IPO (Initial Public Offering) prospectus filed last week, <a href=\"http:\/\/Travel-time results for the VTOL and ground-based vehicles (ICEV and BEV) are provided as a function of travel distance. Uncertainty bars show the impact of varying the assumptions for wind speed for VTOLs and urban-highway driving split for cars\">Uber spent $457 million last year<\/a> \u201con research and development of autonomous vehicles, flying cars (known as eVTOLs) and other \u2018technology programs\u2019 and will continue to invest heavily in the futuristic tech even though it expects to rely on human drivers for years to come.\u201d\u00a0 Coming years will see whether their findings and the U of Michigan&#8217;s match and come to fruition.<\/p>\n<p>Uber\u2019s S-1 details what investors can expect as the company works with their money.\u00a0 They\u2019ve spent one-third of their R&amp;D budget on automated systems, but admit they will be working in \u201chybrid autonomy\u201d for several years until human drivers (and presumably pilots) can be replaced entirely.\u00a0 This caution may stem from last year\u2019s fatal collision between an Uber Volvo and a local cyclist.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Watch for Tricky Headlines<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Heavy interest from \u201cflying cars\u201d and autonomy will generate fascination and fear, judging from the headlines for essentially the same reporting of the research paper noted above.\u00a0 How we get rid of the term &#8220;flying cars&#8221; and references to the Jetson&#8217;s is another matter.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ford, UMich study shows flying cars are both faster and greener (Fox 2 News, Detroit)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>The reality of pollution kills your dream of a flying car<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>They might make sense for longer trips and taxis, though.\u00a0 (Engadget.com)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Researchers at Ann Arbor\u2019s U-M, Dearborn\u2019s Ford: Flying Cars Not Sustainable for Short Distances (Detroit Business News)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>How flying cars could help in the fight against climate change (LA Times)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Flying cars wouldn&#8217;t just save time \u2014 they could help the environment, study says (News Channel 5, Nashville)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>These are all news sources reporting on the same University of Michigan study, remember.<\/p>\n<div id=\"facebook_like\"><iframe src=\"http:\/\/www.facebook.com\/plugins\/like.php?href=http%3A%2F%2Fcafe.foundation%2Fblog%2Ffaster-cleaner-and-less-pricey%2F&amp;layout=standard&amp;show_faces=true&amp;width=500&amp;action=like&amp;font=segoe+ui&amp;colorscheme=light&amp;height=80\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none; overflow:hidden; width:500px; height:80px;\" allowTransparency=\"true\"><\/iframe><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>University of Michigan Research Sprinkled with Optimism (or Not) Can electric Vertical Takeoff and Landing (eVTOL) machines provide the swift crossing of\u00a0 urban distances at a price that will attract the non-flying public? Can they do so while keeping pollution in check? A University of Michigan study, funded in part by Ford Motors, concluded that [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,8173,14],"tags":[9320,5289,2376,9321,40,9322,6129,7559,9323,9324,9325,9326,9327,6183,8987,1591,9328],"class_list":["post-12095","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-electric_powerplants","category-sky-taxis","category-sustainable_ga","tag-akshat-kasliwal","tag-alex-stoll","tag-bill-stout","tag-cstol","tag-david-ullman","tag-evtol","tag-flying-cars","tag-ford-trimotor","tag-gregory-keoleian","tag-jim-gawron","tag-noah-furbush","tag-opener-blackfly","tag-the-jetsons","tag-uber","tag-uber-elevate","tag-university-of-michigan","tag-vince-homer"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Faster, Cleaner AND Less Pricey? - CAFE Foundation Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/faster-cleaner-and-less-pricey\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Faster, Cleaner AND Less Pricey? - CAFE Foundation Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"University of Michigan Research Sprinkled with Optimism (or Not) Can electric Vertical Takeoff and Landing (eVTOL) machines provide the swift crossing of\u00a0 urban distances at a price that will attract the non-flying public? 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A University of Michigan study, funded in part by Ford Motors, concluded that [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/faster-cleaner-and-less-pricey\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"CAFE Foundation Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-04-15T00:22:18+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/sustainableskies.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/michigan-flying-car-528x371.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Dean Sigler\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Dean Sigler\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/faster-cleaner-and-less-pricey\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/faster-cleaner-and-less-pricey\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Dean Sigler\",\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/e9c06a89f78d39fc03473ec90f4902a7\"},\"headline\":\"Faster, Cleaner AND Less Pricey?\",\"datePublished\":\"2019-04-15T00:22:18+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/faster-cleaner-and-less-pricey\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":893,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/faster-cleaner-and-less-pricey\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\\\/\\\/sustainableskies.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2019\\\/04\\\/michigan-flying-car-528x371.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Akshat Kasliwal\",\"Alex Stoll\",\"Bill Stout\",\"cSTOL\",\"David Ullman\",\"eVTOL\",\"flying cars\",\"Ford Trimotor\",\"Gregory Keoleian\",\"Jim Gawron\",\"Noah Furbush\",\"Opener Blackfly\",\"the Jetsons\",\"Uber\",\"Uber Elevate\",\"University of Michigan\",\"Vince Homer\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Electric Powerplants\",\"Sky Taxis\",\"Sustainable Aviation\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/faster-cleaner-and-less-pricey\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/faster-cleaner-and-less-pricey\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/faster-cleaner-and-less-pricey\\\/\",\"name\":\"Faster, Cleaner AND Less Pricey? 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