{"id":12281,"date":"2019-10-29T14:57:26","date_gmt":"2019-10-29T21:57:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/?p=12281"},"modified":"2019-10-29T14:57:26","modified_gmt":"2019-10-29T21:57:26","slug":"cambridges-artificial-leaf-makes-syngas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/cambridges-artificial-leaf-makes-syngas\/","title":{"rendered":"Cambridge&#8217;s Artificial Leaf Makes Syngas"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/s\/601641\/a-big-leap-for-an-artificial-leaf\/\">Cambridge University researchers have developed a new \u201cartificial leaf\u201d<\/a> that uses sunlight, carbon dioxide and water to directly generate \u201csyngas,\u201d without releasing additional CO2 into the atmosphere.\u00a0 As the Cambridge team reported, \u2018Syngas is currently made from a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and is used to produce a range of commodities, such as fuels, pharmaceuticals, plastics and fertilizers.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Other \u201cleaves\u201d have been devised, perhaps the most famous being that of Daniel Nocera, formerly at MIT and now at Harvard University.\u00a0 He was among the first and at the time, most successful, or the leaf producers.\u00a0 Note the next step he proposes at the end of the short video.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Bionic Leaf Turns Sunlight Into Liquid Fuel\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/2KRlRhNbxKg?start=6&#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Professor Erwin Reisner from Cambridge&#8217;s Department of Chemistry has been working for seven years on achieving Nocera\u2019s desire to directly produce fuel from the elements.\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2019\/10\/191021111826.htm\">\u201cYou may not have heard of syngas itself<\/a> but every day, you consume products that were created using it. Being able to produce it sustainably would be a critical step in closing the global carbon cycle and establishing a sustainable chemical and fuel industry.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Pursuing the vision of producing photosynthesis, Reisner and colleague split the process with two light absorbers and a single cobalt catalyst to separately produce oxygen on one side and a mix of carbon monoxide and hydrogen \u2013 the ingredients for syngas \u2013 on the other.<\/p>\n<p><div id=\"attachment_14564\" style=\"width: 538px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/sustainableskies.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/cambridge-syngas-architecture.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14564\" class=\"size-large wp-image-14564\" src=\"http:\/\/sustainableskies.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/cambridge-syngas-architecture-528x130.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"528\" height=\"130\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-14564\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Architecture of the standalone perovskite\u2013BiVO4 PEC tandem device for bias-free syngas production. Oxygen evolution occurs at the front BiVO4 photoanode with a Co WOC. An inverse-structure perovskite photocathode reduces CO2 and protons to CO and H2 via a CoMTPP molecular catalyst immobilized on a CNT sheet. An embedded copper wire connects the two photoelectrodes in this artificial leaf configuration. FTO, fluorine-doped tin oxide; PCBM, [6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester; PEIE, polyethylenimine. Andrei et al.<\/p><\/div>The cobalt catalyst reacts with the materials to produce the oxygen and the syngas ingredients, and apparently works well during periods of low light on rainy or overcast days.\u00a0 PhD student Virgil Andrei, first author of the paper, explained the importance of this. &#8220;This means you are not limited to using this technology just in warm countries, or only operating the process during the summer months. You could use it from dawn until dusk, anywhere in the world.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Cobalt would be one ingredient of concern, being toxic and moderately difficult to separate from the nickel with which it is often found.\u00a0 The researchers noted with double exclamation points cobalt\u2019s contradictory application here.\u00a0 Although it is less expensive than other catalysts such as platinum, it is somewhat difficult to dispose of or to reuse.<\/p>\n<p>\u201c<em>Syngas, a mixture of CO and H<\/em><em><sub>2<\/sub><\/em><em>, is a crucial intermediate in the industrial production of methanol, higher alcohols, long-chain hydrocarbons, lubricants, waxes and fuels via the Fischer\u2013Tropsch process. \u2026 The conventional reforming of methane to syngas relies on fossil fuels to operate at high temperatures and pressures and biomass gasification can introduce contaminants. The solar-driven production of syngas from aqueous CO<\/em><em><sub>2<\/sub><\/em><em>\u00a0is an ambient conditions and clean alternative process. Although silicon, dye, metal oxide and perovskite photoabsorbers provide enough driving force in tandem devices for bias-free water splitting, very few examples of bias-free photoelectrochemical (PEC) CO<\/em><em><sub>2<\/sub><\/em><em>\u00a0reduction are known.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_14566\" style=\"width: 538px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/sustainableskies.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/cambridge_Artificial-leaf-research-virgil-andrei.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14566\" class=\"size-large wp-image-14566\" src=\"http:\/\/sustainableskies.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/cambridge_Artificial-leaf-research-virgil-andrei-528x351.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"528\" height=\"351\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-14566\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Virgil Andrei, first author of the Cambridge research team&#8217;s paper in Nature Materials<\/p><\/div>\n<p><em>Owing to the large overpotentials that need to be overcome for a simultaneous CO<\/em><em><sub>2<\/sub><\/em><em>\u00a0reduction and water oxidation, most of those systems employ up to six photovoltaic (PV) solar cells connected in series or complex nanostructures based on noble metals. Accordingly, a vast library of molecular catalysts that employ earth-abundant metals for CO<\/em><em><sub>2<\/sub><\/em><em>\u00a0reduction remains underexplored. Such catalysts are known to achieve improved selectivities towards CO production at lower overpotentials\u2014Co porphyrin and phthalocyanin recently demonstrated a selective aqueous CO<\/em><em><sub>2<\/sub><\/em><em>\u00a0reduction to CO when immobilized onto carbon nanotube (CNT)-based electrodes.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Here we tap into that library of molecular catalysts by using the commercially available cobalt(<\/em><em>II<\/em><em>) meso-tetrakis(4-methoxyphenyl)porphyrin (CoMTPP), which can be readily immobilized via \u03c0\u2212\u03c0 stacking interactions onto CNT sheets, also known as buckypaper. The composite is employed in electrodes, state-of-the-art perovskite-based photocathodes and perovskite\u2013BiVO<\/em><em><sub>4<\/sub><\/em><em>\u00a0PEC tandem devices, which couple tunable syngas to O<\/em><em><sub>2<\/sub><\/em><em>\u00a0production in an aqueous solution.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.greencarcongress.com\/2019\/10\/20191021-.html\">\u2014Andrei\u00a0<em>et al.<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Scientist Found Fuel From Artificial Leaf ! Cambridge University Study\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/V44XZMElnF4?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>The Christian Doppler Laboratory for Sustainable SynGas Chemistry in the University&#8217;s Department of Chemistry performed the research, which was co-funded by the Austrian government and the Austrian petrochemical company OMV, \u201cwhich is looking for ways to make its business more sustainable.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The team hopes to find ways to make the syngas into usable fuels in one step.\u00a0 Since, according to Reisner, electricity can supply only 25-percent of the total global energy demand, \u201cThere is a major demand for liquid fuels to power heavy transport, shipping and aviation sustainably.&#8221;<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_14567\" style=\"width: 538px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/sustainableskies.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/cambridge-transition.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14567\" class=\"size-large wp-image-14567\" src=\"http:\/\/sustainableskies.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/cambridge-transition-528x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"528\" height=\"169\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-14567\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The &#8220;gradual&#8221; transition from fossil fuel to renewable synfuels<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Somewhat discouragingly, the ability of batteries to meet that demand is still unrealized, so we will need to make liquid fuels cleaner and more obtainable in the meantime.\u00a0 This artificial leaf may be a bridge to the future.<\/p>\n<div id=\"facebook_like\"><iframe src=\"http:\/\/www.facebook.com\/plugins\/like.php?href=http%3A%2F%2Fcafe.foundation%2Fblog%2Fcambridges-artificial-leaf-makes-syngas%2F&amp;layout=standard&amp;show_faces=true&amp;width=500&amp;action=like&amp;font=segoe+ui&amp;colorscheme=light&amp;height=80\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none; overflow:hidden; width:500px; height:80px;\" allowTransparency=\"true\"><\/iframe><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cambridge University researchers have developed a new \u201cartificial leaf\u201d that uses sunlight, carbon dioxide and water to directly generate \u201csyngas,\u201d without releasing additional CO2 into the atmosphere.\u00a0 As the Cambridge team reported, \u2018Syngas is currently made from a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and is used to produce a range of commodities, such as [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6686,6806,6834,14],"tags":[2297,3137,2294,3288,775,9780,9781,9782,7810,9783],"class_list":["post-12281","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-biofuels","category-hydrogen-fuel","category-solar-power","category-sustainable_ga","tag-artificial-leaf","tag-cambridge-university","tag-daniel-nocera","tag-harvard-university","tag-mit","tag-omv-austrian-petrochemical-company","tag-professor-erwin-reisner","tag-syngas","tag-the-christian-doppler-laboratory-for-sustainable-syngas-chemistry","tag-virgil-andre"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - 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