{"id":12439,"date":"2020-06-21T22:40:26","date_gmt":"2020-06-22T05:40:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/?p=12439"},"modified":"2020-06-21T22:40:26","modified_gmt":"2020-06-22T05:40:26","slug":"cuberg-batteries-some-real-numbers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/cuberg-batteries-some-real-numbers\/","title":{"rendered":"Cuberg Batteries &#8211; Some Real Numbers"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cuberg.net\/\">Cuberg, a startup battery company<\/a> based in Emeryville, California, is pretty specific about its cell-level battery performance \u2013 369 Watt-hours per kilogram at a discharge rate of C\/20.\u00a0 This was verified in testing at the Idaho National Laboratory, with Cuberg cells demonstrating a specific power of 2,000 Watts per kilogram.\u00a0\u00a0 Cells lasted through \u201caround\u201d 370 cycles with C\/2 charging before they dropped to the ability to maintain 80-percent capacity.\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cuberg.net\/media\/DOE_results_for_Cuberg.pdf\">See a .pdf of the test results here.<\/a><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_15154\" style=\"width: 538px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/sustainableskies.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/cuberg-C-rate.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-15154\" class=\"size-large wp-image-15154\" src=\"http:\/\/sustainableskies.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/cuberg-C-rate-528x219.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"528\" height=\"219\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-15154\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">C Rate is the charge and discharge rate for a battery. Note the differing duration of a battery&#8217;s ability to provide a given amperage<\/p><\/div>\n<h4><strong>Verifiable Numbers<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>INL tested around 20 of Cuberg\u2019s battery cells, covering multiple cell variants across a spectrum of performance tests. \u201cWhile the testing all looked good, our announcement addresses the specific metrics that are of most impact to our industry,\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/evtol.com\/news\/cuberg-lithium-metal-battery-validation\/\">Cuberg CEO Richard Wang told <em>eVTOL.com<\/em>.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Independent testing by certified laboratories enables us to see verifiable numbers, highly important in designing new electric aircraft and converting existing aircraft to electric power.\u00a0 Gasoline and Diesel fuels already have well-established numbers, which makes determining output power and range numbers for aircraft using these fuels an accurate design feature.<\/p>\n<p>Gasoline, with a known energy content of 33.410 kilowatt hours per gallon, easily outdoes the best batteries at this time.\u00a0 Calculating the energy in a kilogram of petrol, we can more easily make comparisons with batteries.\u00a0 If gasoline weighs around 6.3 pounds per gallon (based on formulation and additives), it would contain energy equivalent to about 11,670 kilowatts per kilogram. Thus, it would take about 31.62 kilograms of Cuberg batteries to equal the energy in one kilogram of gasoline.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Validated Performance<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Cuberg co-founder and CEO Richard Wang thinks the independent validation, \u201cProvides a measure of credibility in an industry that has often been plagued by hype and inflated claims.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Safe and Lightweight Lithium Metal Batteries for Electrified Flight - Dr. Richard Wang at SAS 2018\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/-NkLKUITxyY?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>In an interview with eVTOL.com, he explained, \u201cWe think for the industry as a whole to move forward effectively, more and more independent testing will be a very positive development and allow our customers to efficiently compare technologies and screen them and assess them for viability.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The tests, to Wang, show that his batteries are on target to achieving a \u201csweet spot,\u201d of around 400 kilowatt-hours per kilogram, which he considers \u201cthe holy grail\u201d for electric aircraft and particularly eVTOL craft.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Key Parameters<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Wang notes the \u201cthree key parameters\u201d that determine how useful a battery can be in aircraft.\u00a0 First is the energy of the cell per weight. Second is the power of the cell, or how quickly energy can be drawn from the cell \u2013 necessary for \u201cintensive vertical take-off.\u201d\u00a0 This is cycle life \u2013 how many times users can charge and discharge the cell \u2013 something that often determines the operating cost for the electric craft.<\/p>\n<p>Hoping to reach their customer base with cells now, \u201cvery, very competitive compared to other technologies,\u201d Cuberg focuses on improving cycle life in particular.\u00a0 Wang anticipates, \u201cGetting to\u00a0 2C charging 1,000 cycles, along with that 400 Wh\/kg. . \u201cThe company is also in the process of developing a 20-Ah cell for aviation applications \u2014 a size that will balance the installation efficiency of larger cells with thermal safety and certifiability considerations.\u201d<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Considerations for Cuberg and Others<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>At this rate, it should be next to impossible to make a practical electric airplane.\u00a0 Luckily, the relative efficiency of electric motors helps even things a bit.\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Engine_efficiency\">Gasoline engines manage to be about 20 to 35-percent efficient,<\/a> meaning 65 to 80 percent of the fuel\u2019s potential energy is wasted as heat or flows out the exhaust pipe. \u00a0Electric motors manage to extract 85 to 97 percent of the energy contained in the battery.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/sustainableskies.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/cuberg-efficiency.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-15157\" src=\"http:\/\/sustainableskies.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/cuberg-efficiency-528x249.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"528\" height=\"249\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>That lowers the difference between gas engines and electric motors to about a 10:1 ratio as far as the energy density of their fuel is concerned.\u00a0 Luckily, electric motors are light for their power, often putting out six or seven horsepower per pound.\u00a0\u00a0 Traditional four-stroke aircraft engines generally produce one horsepower per two pounds of engine weight.\u00a0 The difference enables the use of more batteries for the same gross weight of the airplane.\u00a0 At some point, the ability to provide long-term energy, short-term power, and longevity in terms of cycle life will enable replacement of fossil-fuel power plants.<\/p>\n<p>Only five years after its founding, Cuberg comes close to equaling the performance of batteries from more established players.\u00a0 Securing $10 million in funding from Boeing\u2019s Horizon X Venture, and various government grants, the firm advances with a Small Business Innovation grant from the Department of Energy.\u00a0 Validation took place as part of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.energy.gov\/eere\/articles\/battery500-progress-update\">Battery500 program<\/a>, a DOE-sponsored research consortium, nominally aiming for 500 Wh\/kg.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>\u201cSecret Sauce\u201d<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Cuberg does not make its pouch cells in house, but obtains them as a \u201cnearly complete cell,\u201d that \u201cleverages all the efficiencies and quality improvements from the lithium-ion world. The only thing that\u2019s missing is the electrolyte \u2014 that\u2019s our secret sauce.\u201d\u00a0 Cuberg injects its proprietary, non-flammable electrolyte into the cells, quality checks them, and then ships them directly to customers.\u00a0 Wang explains, \u201c\u201cFor the next couple years, we see this as the most efficient model, because it allows us to scale up very easily and maintain good quality control, and also competitive pricing,\u201d<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_15156\" style=\"width: 538px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/sustainableskies.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Cuberg-lithium-metal-battery-cells-copy-750x536.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-15156\" class=\"size-large wp-image-15156\" src=\"http:\/\/sustainableskies.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Cuberg-lithium-metal-battery-cells-copy-750x536-528x377.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"528\" height=\"377\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-15156\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cuberg&#8217;s lithium metal cells come in pouch form and probably need less encasement because of reduced chance of thermal runaway<\/p><\/div>\n<p>The non-flammability is a characteristic much to be desired when cruising over in an urban air mobility machine over city streets. Wang says, \u201cAll historic electrolytes with lithium-ion batteries are made of organic solvents that are highly combustible [Our] more stable electrolyte allows it to be much more tolerant to abuse in different kinds of conditions.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Working on commercialization \u201cvery aggressively,\u201d Cuberg has been shipping samples to \u201ctop electric aircraft developers around the world. Initial results have been encouraging.\u201d<\/p>\n<div id=\"facebook_like\"><iframe src=\"http:\/\/www.facebook.com\/plugins\/like.php?href=http%3A%2F%2Fcafe.foundation%2Fblog%2Fcuberg-batteries-some-real-numbers%2F&amp;layout=standard&amp;show_faces=true&amp;width=500&amp;action=like&amp;font=segoe+ui&amp;colorscheme=light&amp;height=80\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none; overflow:hidden; width:500px; height:80px;\" allowTransparency=\"true\"><\/iframe><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cuberg, a startup battery company based in Emeryville, California, is pretty specific about its cell-level battery performance \u2013 369 Watt-hours per kilogram at a discharge rate of C\/20.\u00a0 This was verified in testing at the Idaho National Laboratory, with Cuberg cells demonstrating a specific power of 2,000 Watts per kilogram.\u00a0\u00a0 Cells lasted through \u201caround\u201d 370 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6862,6680,8173,14],"tags":[10086,10087,8421,10088,2052,9505,2293,10089],"class_list":["post-12439","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-batteries","category-electric-aircraft-components","category-sky-taxis","category-sustainable_ga","tag-battery500-program","tag-boeing-horizon-x-ventures","tag-cuberg-battery","tag-dr-richard-wang","tag-electrolyte","tag-evtol-aircraft","tag-idaho-national-laboratory","tag-small-business-innovation-grant"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Cuberg Batteries - Some Real Numbers - CAFE Foundation Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/cuberg-batteries-some-real-numbers\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cuberg Batteries - Some Real Numbers - CAFE Foundation Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Cuberg, a startup battery company based in Emeryville, California, is pretty specific about its cell-level battery performance \u2013 369 Watt-hours per kilogram at a discharge rate of C\/20.\u00a0 This was verified in testing at the Idaho National Laboratory, with Cuberg cells demonstrating a specific power of 2,000 Watts per kilogram.\u00a0\u00a0 Cells lasted through \u201caround\u201d 370 [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/cuberg-batteries-some-real-numbers\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"CAFE Foundation Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-06-22T05:40:26+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/sustainableskies.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/cuberg-C-rate-528x219.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Dean Sigler\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Dean Sigler\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/cuberg-batteries-some-real-numbers\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/cuberg-batteries-some-real-numbers\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Dean Sigler\",\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/e9c06a89f78d39fc03473ec90f4902a7\"},\"headline\":\"Cuberg Batteries &#8211; 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