{"id":14104,"date":"2021-07-05T22:46:21","date_gmt":"2021-07-06T05:46:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/?p=14104"},"modified":"2021-09-13T21:24:17","modified_gmt":"2021-09-14T04:24:17","slug":"really-cool-battery-news-from-nrel-really","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/really-cool-battery-news-from-nrel-really\/","title":{"rendered":"Really Cool Battery News from NREL \u2013 Really"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4><strong>Plaid Fire<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Car fires are scary.\u00a0 Airplane fires are even more so, since you can\u2019t just pull over and hop out.\u00a0 Scientists at the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nrel.gov\/\">National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)<\/a> and NASA, and in England and France may have come up with a way to stop electric car fires.\u00a0 Owners of petrol-powered autos will have to continue to check for leaking flammable fluids, greasy engines, and sources of the 140,000 car fires in the US alone every year.<\/p>\n<p>There aren\u2019t that many electric car fires, but they make the news.\u00a0 One in particular, a brand new, low-mileage Tesla S Plaid, melted down after self-igniting.\u00a0 Reportedly, the $130,000 car briefly trapped the owner inside.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Tesla deliveries, and company investigates fire in new &#039;Model S Plaid&#039;\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/phe0_BXzYM8?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theverge.com\/2021\/7\/2\/22560662\/tesla-model-s-plaid-fire-driver-battery-pennsylvania\">The Verge reports,<\/a> \u201cLuckily, the driver escaped alive. It&#8217;s also important to note that this could be a flaw with the design, but further investigation is necessary to confirm or refute this possibility.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>A headline fire like this draws headline legal attention \u2013 in this case from Mark Geragos, already famous for his defense of celebrities and criminals such as Michael Jackson, Winona Ryder, and Scott Peterson.\u00a0 Geragos made a strong statement regarding the fire and the Tesla.\u00a0 &#8220;This is a harrowing and frightening situation and an obvious major problem. Our preliminary investigation is ongoing, but we call on Tesla to sideline these cars until a full investigation can occur.&#8221; \u00a0\u00a0His client incidentally owns $1.1 billion of Tesla stock.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Cooling Things Down<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Stakes are obviously high when a major stock holder\u2019s attorney wants to shut down a profitable car line.\u00a0 Luckily, there may be a fix for Tesla\u2019s and other EV makers\u2019 headaches.\u00a0 The NREL and NASA, \u201cworked with a global team including\u00a0 University College London, The Faraday Institution in Oxford, National Physical Laboratory in London, and The European Synchrotron in France.\u201d<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_16734\" style=\"width: 610px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/sustainableskies.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/NREL-safer_battery_Fig3.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-16734\" class=\"wp-image-16734\" src=\"http:\/\/sustainableskies.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/NREL-safer_battery_Fig3-528x492.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"559\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-16734\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Controlled nature of experiment protects researchers from flareups during nail penetration tests.\u00a0 Amateur experiments are often spectacular, but not shown here to discourage imitators<\/p><\/div>\n<p>The global team created a metal-coated polymer current collector, which is designed to disconnect internal short circuits by withdrawing from the heating region.\u00a0 This stops thermal runaways quickly.\u00a0 \u00a0their paper, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.electronicdesign.com\/power-management\/power-protection\/article\/21121245\/calorimeter-deliberately-drives-liion-cells-into-thermal-runaway-and-explosion\">Prevention of lithium-ion battery thermal runaway using polymer-substrate current collectors<\/a>,\u201d is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cell.com\/cell-reports-physical-science\/fulltext\/S2666-3864(21)00045-X\">published in the journal <\/a><em>Cell Reports Physical Science. <\/em>Other available resources, including their high-speed videos,\u00a0demonstrated their contention that their polymer substrate could prevent battery fires.<\/p>\n<p>NREL, <em>et als\u2019<\/em> work seems <a href=\"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/eas-ix-short-circuiting-batteries-on-purpose\/\">similar to that done by Eric Darcy<\/a> (Battery Systems Technical Discipline Lead at NASA-Johnson Space Center) five years ago.\u00a0 His design of battery packs for space suits allows no room for even a little smoke, and requires utter reliability.<\/p>\n<p>His work entails <a href=\"https:\/\/ntrs.nasa.gov\/citations\/20150014486\">deliberately starting internal short circuits in batteries<\/a> and finding ways to stop them before they reach thermal runaway status \u2013 the level which can immolate Teslas or any EV.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_16733\" style=\"width: 610px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/sustainableskies.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/NREL-safer_battery_Fig2.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-16733\" class=\"wp-image-16733\" src=\"http:\/\/sustainableskies.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/NREL-safer_battery_Fig2-528x640.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"727\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-16733\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Polymer-lined current conductor stops spread of thermal reaction, enables current to maintain original values<\/p><\/div>\n<p>In the NREL tests, 18650 (18 millimeters in diameter by 65 mm in length) lithium batteries were placed in a specially-designed holder.\u00a0 This was probably necessary because the puncture tests being performed often set off strong reactions in the highly reactive lithium cells.\u00a0 Even when not \u201cin action,\u201d lithium batteries can be dangerous if damaged or overcharged.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>A 100-Percent Solution<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Most heartening, the researchers are able to assert that, \u201cCells with aluminum-coated polymer current collectors demonstrated 100% success in thermal runaway prevention during nail penetration\u2026.\u201d\u00a0 The test cells retained a cell voltage &gt;4.00 V, while standard cells consistently experienced thermal runaway.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_16732\" style=\"width: 610px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/sustainableskies.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/NREL-safer_battery_Fig1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-16732\" class=\"wp-image-16732\" src=\"http:\/\/sustainableskies.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/NREL-safer_battery_Fig1-528x395.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"449\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-16732\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Polymer substrate current collector &#8220;retreats&#8221; from short circuit, preventing thermal runaway.\u00a0 Normal copper or aluminum conductor without polymer would encourage spread<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Copper or aluminum current collectors are part of most cylindrical cells and deliver energy between the anode and cathode.\u00a0 When a cell is punctured, the metallic collector forms a circuit between the elements in the call and promotes a short circuit. In turn, that leads to thermal runaway in the cell itself.\u00a0 In a battery pack, the explosion of one cell can trigger the others, somewhat like lighting a string of firecrackers.<\/p>\n<p>The polymer current collectors form a barrier to further \u201cshort circuiting.\u201d \u00a0The paper\u2019s abstract explains this reaction.\u00a0 \u201cThe principle of the PCC safety mechanism is that the initial heat generation caused by the short circuit causes thermal degradation and thus the PCC periphery to shrink away from the nail, breaking the short circuit and preventing thermal runaway.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Changing the current collector in a &#8220;Tootsie Roll&#8221; cylindrical battery cell would not seem to require changes in manufacturing systems, but merely the change of one material on one roller.\u00a0 The same materials may substitute for current collectors in pyramidal and pouch cells.\u00a0 This may be very good news for battery makers and the public that needs to trust its EVs and electronic devices.<\/p>\n<div id=\"facebook_like\"><iframe src=\"http:\/\/www.facebook.com\/plugins\/like.php?href=http%3A%2F%2Fcafe.foundation%2Fblog%2Freally-cool-battery-news-from-nrel-really%2F&amp;layout=standard&amp;show_faces=true&amp;width=500&amp;action=like&amp;font=segoe+ui&amp;colorscheme=light&amp;height=80\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none; overflow:hidden; width:500px; height:80px;\" allowTransparency=\"true\"><\/iframe><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Plaid Fire Car fires are scary.\u00a0 Airplane fires are even more so, since you can\u2019t just pull over and hop out.\u00a0 Scientists at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and NASA, and in England and France may have come up with a way to stop electric car fires.\u00a0 Owners of petrol-powered autos will have to [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6862,14],"tags":[10836,10837,10838,4595,10839,10840,207,10841,10842,3425,10843,10844,10845,10846,10847,989,10848],"class_list":["post-14104","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-batteries","category-sustainable_ga","tag-aluminum-current-collectors","tag-cell-reports-physical-science-journal","tag-copper-current-collectors","tag-eric-darcy","tag-mark-geragos","tag-michael-jackson","tag-nasa","tag-nasa-johnson-space-center","tag-national-physical-laboratory-in-london","tag-national-renewable-energy-laboratory-nrel","tag-polymer-substrate-current-collectors","tag-scott-peterson","tag-tesla-s-plaid","tag-the-european-synchrotron-in-france","tag-the-faraday-institution-in-oxford","tag-university-college-london","tag-winona-ryder"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - 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