{"id":4204,"date":"2011-08-27T12:59:45","date_gmt":"2011-08-27T19:59:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/?p=4204"},"modified":"2011-08-27T13:07:41","modified_gmt":"2011-08-27T20:07:41","slug":"lifting-yourself-by-a-disappearing-thread","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/lifting-yourself-by-a-disappearing-thread\/","title":{"rendered":"Lifting Yourself by a Disappearing Thread"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The University of Maryland announced the successful 11.4 second flight of an <a href=\"http:\/\/www.agrc.umd.edu\/gamera\/\">American human-powered helicopter with a female pilot <\/a>\u2013 now the National record holder and successor to the first female flight on such a machine \u2013 17 years ago.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Gamera&#039;s July 13, 2011 Flight\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ixXg_tFJjSs?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>In 1994, your editor attended  a human-powered aircraft symposium in Seattle at the Boeing Museum of Flight. Paul  MacCready signed my copy of <em>Gossamer Odyssey <\/em>and I was official observer  (for Chris Roper of the Royal Aeronautical Society) of the first female-powered  helicopter flight. \u00a0Ward Griffiths, a  svelte young thing from a local bike shop, cranked the very similar (to Gamera)  thing into the air for\u00a08.6 seconds &#8211; a first and a female\u00a0record at that time. \u00a0A Japanese gentleman had done 15 seconds the  day before and knocked the O. J. Simpson investigation off the front page of  the <em>Seattle Post-Intelligencer<\/em>. \u00a0Flights took place in the Boeing 777  preparation hangar, while the big jet spooled up and taxied around  outside.<\/p>\n<p>This led to a screed on  the event for <em>Kitplanes<\/em>, your editor\u2019s  first paying article. As an added measure of shameless self-promotion, your  blog editor is now the \u201dAlternative Energies\u201d contributing editor for the same  magazine.<\/p>\n<p>Readers exploring the  technical detail on Gamera (a <a href=\"http:\/\/www.agrc.umd.edu\/gamera\/docs\/2011-gamera-handout-revised2a.pdf\">great .pdf <\/a>on the University&#8217;s web site) will  find that such helicopters use the &#8220;lost, or disappearing\u00a0thread&#8221; technique to pull  the light string wound around the pullies above each rotor onto the pedal crank  turned by the pilot\/engine. \u00a0This use of high-tension, lightweight thread on a  one-way trip that lasts at most one minute was proposed by Paul MacCready, and\u00a0 almost universally adopted by all HPH teams.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Human Powered Helicopter YURI-I 1994\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/caHCbuh_Yyc?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Helicopters are much  harder to fly than conventional aircraft with only a human engine on  board.\u00a0 As Bryan Allen demonstrated in  his 1979 flight across the English Channel, an athletic person can produce the  necessary quarter-horsepower for a two-hour flight, not much worse than a tough  stage of the <em>Tour de France<\/em>.\u00a0 If the 100-pound airplane and the 125-pound  pilot have a total drag of 15 pounds, that\u2019s all the thrust needed to keep the  assemblage airborne.\u00a0 But a helicopter  requires lifting the entire weight of craft and pilot vertically \u2013 a very large  order.\u00a0 University of Maryland life  sciences graduate student Judy Wexler had to exert at least one horsepower for  her flight in \u201cextreme ground effect.\u201d<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_4207\" style=\"width: 538px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-4207\" href=\"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/?attachment_id=4207\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4207\" class=\"size-large wp-image-4207\" title=\"Gamera VideoStill1-O\" src=\"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/08\/Gamera-VideoStill1-O-528x297.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"528\" height=\"297\" srcset=\"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/08\/Gamera-VideoStill1-O-528x297.jpg 528w, http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/08\/Gamera-VideoStill1-O-300x168.jpg 300w, http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/08\/Gamera-VideoStill1-O.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 528px) 100vw, 528px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-4207\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Judy Wexler cranking out close to one horsepower while fellow students perform a duckwalk ballet<\/p><\/div>\n<p>As <a href=\"http:\/\/www.docstoc.com\/docs\/32589434\/yuri-paper\">Dr. Naito and his  Nihon University students<\/a> found in 1994, spreading the load across four  large-diameter blades gives a light rotor loading and made flight in ground  effect possible.\u00a0 The configuration, as  can be seen, eliminates \u201cflying\u201d in anything but a large enclosed area, and  even a gymnasium doesn\u2019t have quite enough area for the non-maneuverable and  fragile creation.\u00a0 His creation still holds the world record of over 19 seconds.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_4208\" style=\"width: 538px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-4208\" href=\"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/?attachment_id=4208\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4208\" class=\"size-large wp-image-4208\" title=\"Gamera-University-Of-Maryland\" src=\"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/08\/Gamera-University-Of-Maryland-528x263.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"528\" height=\"263\" srcset=\"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/08\/Gamera-University-Of-Maryland-528x263.jpg 528w, http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/08\/Gamera-University-Of-Maryland-300x149.jpg 300w, http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/08\/Gamera-University-Of-Maryland.jpg 537w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 528px) 100vw, 528px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-4208\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Light, expansive structure of Gamera<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Human-powered helicopters have a fascinating but frustrating history, and the <a href=\"http:\/\/www-personal.umich.edu\/~nrajan\/PROJECTS\/HUMAN%20POWERED%20HELICOPTER\/hph.html\">University\u00a0of Michigan site <\/a>on such efforts gives a glimpse of\u00a0many approaches that have approached but failed to gain the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.vtol.org\/awards\/HPHCBooklet.pdf\">Sikorsky prize<\/a>, a $250,000 goad to overcome the many difficulties involved.<\/p>\n<p>Chris Roper was designer  of Jupiter, the most successful of the aircraft-like, labor-intensive HPAs of  his day, and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.humanpoweredflying.propdesigner.co.uk\/index.html\">his web site <\/a>has an enormous amount of material on the topic of  human-powered aircraft.\u00a0 His magnum opus  is a compendium of low-speed aeronautics, light-weight building practices, and  unlikely history.<\/p>\n<p>It&#8217;s interesting that  the Japanese team in Seattle named their helicopter after a Russian astronaut,  and the American team named theirs after a Japanese monster turtle.\u00a0 Film buffs will know that\u00a0Gamera appeared \u00a0in a series of films by Daiei Motion Picture  Company, a competitor for the Godzilla series produced by Toho Studios.\u00a0 Each monster\u00a0matured from being a  metropolis-destroying pest to acting as a protector of the same cities  (probably still under reconstruction) and beloved of children.<\/p>\n<div id=\"facebook_like\"><iframe src=\"http:\/\/www.facebook.com\/plugins\/like.php?href=http%3A%2F%2Fcafe.foundation%2Fblog%2Flifting-yourself-by-a-disappearing-thread%2F&amp;layout=standard&amp;show_faces=true&amp;width=500&amp;action=like&amp;font=segoe+ui&amp;colorscheme=light&amp;height=80\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none; overflow:hidden; width:500px; height:80px;\" allowTransparency=\"true\"><\/iframe><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The University of Maryland announced the successful 11.4 second flight of an American human-powered helicopter with a female pilot \u2013 now the National record holder and successor to the first female flight on such a machine \u2013 17 years ago. In 1994, your editor attended a human-powered aircraft symposium in Seattle at the Boeing Museum [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[1592,1041,1594,1589,1596,1588,1593,1590,269,1595,1587,889,1591,1597],"class_list":["post-4204","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-sustainable_ga","tag-boeing-museum-of-flight","tag-bryan-allen","tag-chris-roper","tag-dr-akira-naito","tag-gamera","tag-judy-wexler","tag-kitplanes-magazine","tag-nihon-university","tag-paul-maccready","tag-royal-aeronautical-society","tag-sikorsky-prize","tag-university-of-maryland","tag-university-of-michigan","tag-yuri-i"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Lifting Yourself by a Disappearing Thread - CAFE Foundation Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/lifting-yourself-by-a-disappearing-thread\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Lifting Yourself by a Disappearing Thread - CAFE Foundation Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The University of Maryland announced the successful 11.4 second flight of an American human-powered helicopter with a female pilot \u2013 now the National record holder and successor to the first female flight on such a machine \u2013 17 years ago. 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