{"id":8311,"date":"2013-10-01T10:21:29","date_gmt":"2013-10-01T17:21:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/?p=8311"},"modified":"2013-10-01T10:21:29","modified_gmt":"2013-10-01T17:21:29","slug":"lithium-gets-a-good-wrap","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/lithium-gets-a-good-wrap\/","title":{"rendered":"Lithium Gets a Good Wrap"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Shadi Dayeh, professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the UC San Diego Jacobs School of Engineering, has been designing <a href=\"http:\/\/www.jacobsschool.ucsd.edu\/news\/news_releases\/release.sfe?id=1420\">new electrode architectures<\/a> that could solve one of lithium batteries\u2019 biggest problems.\u00a0 When lithium diffuses across the surface of a lithium-ion battery electrode, it causes the electrode to expand and contract depending on its charging or discharging.\u00a0 This eventually leads to cracking and ultimate disintegration of the anode or cathode \u2013 weakening and finally disabling the battery.<\/p>\n<p>Dayeh, working with colleagues at the University and Sandia and Los Alamos National Laboratories, came up with nanowires that, \u201cBlock diffusion of lithium (Li) across their silicon surface and promote layer-by-layer axial lithiation of the nanowire\u2019s germanium core.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Nanowires for better Lithium-ion batteries\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/WW3E6GMQ_aE?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Seeing possibilities beyond his current research, Dayeh says the work could lead to, \u201cAn effective way to tailor volume expansion of lithium ion battery electrodes which could potentially minimize their cracking, improve their durability, and perhaps influence how one could think about different electrode architectures.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Coating germanium nanowires with silicon stopped nearly all surface diffusion of lithium ions into the nanowires.\u00a0 This \u201clithiation,\u201d or diffusion of lithium across an electrode\u2019s surface, occurs when a battery is charged.\u00a0 The researchers managed to stop this surface diffusion and instead were able to wrap lithium layer-by-layer along the axis of the nanowire.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_8315\" style=\"width: 296px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/lithiation-nanoscale.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8315\" class=\"size-large wp-image-8315\" alt=\"test\" src=\"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/lithiation-nanoscale-286x704.jpg\" width=\"286\" height=\"704\" srcset=\"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/lithiation-nanoscale-286x704.jpg 286w, http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/lithiation-nanoscale.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 286px) 100vw, 286px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-8315\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">electron microscope image of germanium\/silicon nanowire<\/p><\/div>\n<p>These axial wraps apparently introduce discontinuities that control the manner and direction in which lithium ions are inserted into an electrode, as in this quote from a <a href=\"http:\/\/www.greencarcongress.com\/2013\/09\/20130906-liu.html\"><em>Green Car Congress<\/em><\/a> article on the process.<\/p>\n<p><em>&#8230;Batteries, as electronic devices, require both mass and charge transport in a harmonious manner during their operation. The flow of charges has huge impacts on the materials. For instance, the direction of volume expansion is perpendicular to the lithiation reaction front (i.e., the interface between Li<sub>x<\/sub>M and M), as if the Li ions are digging into the anode material and pushing the lithiated products in their wake. Therefore, the volume expansion could be also controlled by defining the Li insertion direction. As the electrons and Li ions must meet to initiate lithiation, this requires manipulation of the charged particles (electrons, Li ions, or both) to flow in a controlled manner. In the past two decades, it has been shown that ionic transport properties can be dominated by interfaces at the nanoscale, which provides the possibility to control the Li diffusion pathways and to modify the volume expansion direction by introducing heterojunctions (namely chemical and structural discontinuities).<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u201cThese results demonstrate for the first time that interface and bandgap engineering of electrochemical reactions can be utilized to control the nanoscale ionic transport \/ insertion paths and thus may be a new tool to define the electrochemical reactions in Li-ion batteries,\u201d researchers explain in their\u00a0<i>Nano Letters <\/i>cover letter, \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/nl4027549\">Tailoring Lithiation Behavior by Interface and Bandgap Engineering at the Nanoscale<\/a>.\u201d\u00a0 Dayeh and his fellow researchers also published a longer cover article in <a href=\"http:\/\/apl.aip.org\/resource\/1\/applab\/v99\/i2\/p023102_s1?isAuthorized=no\"><i>Applied Physics Letters<\/i><\/a>.\u00a0 Both give mordetailed explanations of the geometries and techniques applied in making the more compliant nanowires.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_8316\" style=\"width: 538px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/lithiation.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8316\" class=\"size-large wp-image-8316\" alt=\"text\" src=\"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/lithiation-528x495.png\" width=\"528\" height=\"495\" srcset=\"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/lithiation-528x495.png 528w, http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/lithiation-300x281.png 300w, http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/lithiation.png 529w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 528px) 100vw, 528px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-8316\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Axially-wrapping germanium can control direction and volume of electrode expansion<\/p><\/div>\n<p>All this could lead to more durable and perhaps more powerful batteries.\u00a0 Of interest is the application of principles put forward by Dr. Yi Cui of Stanford University and Dr.Jaephil Cho of the Interdisciplinary School of Green Energy at Ulsan Institute of Science and Technology, South Korea.\u00a0 Both have been speakers at Electric Aircraft Symposia.<\/p>\n<p>As noted in Science Daily, Dayeh grew the nanowires during his time as a postdoctoral researcher at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). Lithiation experiments were performed by two postdoctoral researchers from Sandia National Laboratories, Drs. Yang Liu and Xiaohua Liu, and Dayeh\u2019s postdocdoral researchers working at LANL. Dayeh formulated the mechanism and performed the analysis and simulations after joining the faculty of the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ece.ucsd.edu\/\">Electrical and Computer Engineering Department<\/a>\u00a0at the UC San Diego Jacobs School of Engineering.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"facebook_like\"><iframe src=\"http:\/\/www.facebook.com\/plugins\/like.php?href=http%3A%2F%2Fcafe.foundation%2Fblog%2Flithium-gets-a-good-wrap%2F&amp;layout=standard&amp;show_faces=true&amp;width=500&amp;action=like&amp;font=segoe+ui&amp;colorscheme=light&amp;height=80\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none; overflow:hidden; width:500px; height:80px;\" allowTransparency=\"true\"><\/iframe><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Shadi Dayeh, professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the UC San Diego Jacobs School of Engineering, has been designing new electrode architectures that could solve one of lithium batteries\u2019 biggest problems.\u00a0 When lithium diffuses across the surface of a lithium-ion battery electrode, it causes the electrode to expand and contract depending [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,14],"tags":[3507,633,4254,4248,174,4250,4249,139,4245,4253,4251,4252,2500,2357,3866,4247,175,4246],"class_list":["post-8311","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-electric_powerplants","category-sustainable_ga","tag-acs-nano-letters","tag-applied-physics-letters","tag-axial-wrapping-of-nanowire-electrodes","tag-department-of-electrical-and-computer-engineering","tag-dr-jaephil-cho","tag-dr-xiaohua-liu","tag-dr-yang-liu","tag-dr-yi-cui","tag-electrical-and-computer-engineering-department-at-the-uc-san-diego-jacobs-school-of-engineering","tag-germanium-silicon-electrodes","tag-interdisciplinary-school-of-green-energy-at-ulsan-institute-of-science-and-technology","tag-lithiation","tag-los-alamos-national-laboratory","tag-nanowires","tag-sandia-national-laboratory","tag-shadi-dayeh","tag-stanford-university","tag-university-of-california-at-san-diego"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Lithium Gets a Good Wrap - CAFE Foundation Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/lithium-gets-a-good-wrap\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Lithium Gets a Good Wrap - CAFE Foundation Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Shadi Dayeh, professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the UC San Diego Jacobs School of Engineering, has been designing new electrode architectures that could solve one of lithium batteries\u2019 biggest problems.\u00a0 When lithium diffuses across the surface of a lithium-ion battery electrode, it causes the electrode to expand and contract depending [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/lithium-gets-a-good-wrap\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"CAFE Foundation Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2013-10-01T17:21:29+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/lithiation-nanoscale-286x704.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Dean Sigler\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Dean Sigler\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/lithium-gets-a-good-wrap\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/lithium-gets-a-good-wrap\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Dean Sigler\",\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/e9c06a89f78d39fc03473ec90f4902a7\"},\"headline\":\"Lithium Gets a Good Wrap\",\"datePublished\":\"2013-10-01T17:21:29+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/lithium-gets-a-good-wrap\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":681,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/lithium-gets-a-good-wrap\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2013\\\/10\\\/lithiation-nanoscale-286x704.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"ACS Nano Letters\",\"Applied Physics Letters\",\"axial wrapping of nanowire electrodes\",\"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering\",\"Dr. Jaephil Cho\",\"Dr. Xiaohua Liu\",\"Dr. Yang Liu\",\"Dr. Yi Cui\",\"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at the UC San Diego Jacobs School of Engineering\",\"germanium silicon electrodes\",\"Interdisciplinary School of Green Energy at Ulsan Institute of Science and Technology\",\"lithiation\",\"Los Alamos National Laboratory\",\"nanowires\",\"Sandia National Laboratory\",\"Shadi Dayeh\",\"Stanford University\",\"University of California at San Diego\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Electric Powerplants\",\"Sustainable Aviation\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/lithium-gets-a-good-wrap\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/lithium-gets-a-good-wrap\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/lithium-gets-a-good-wrap\\\/\",\"name\":\"Lithium Gets a Good Wrap - CAFE Foundation Blog\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/lithium-gets-a-good-wrap\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/lithium-gets-a-good-wrap\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2013\\\/10\\\/lithiation-nanoscale-286x704.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2013-10-01T17:21:29+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/e9c06a89f78d39fc03473ec90f4902a7\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/lithium-gets-a-good-wrap\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/lithium-gets-a-good-wrap\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/lithium-gets-a-good-wrap\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"http:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2013\\\/10\\\/lithiation-nanoscale.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"http:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2013\\\/10\\\/lithiation-nanoscale.jpg\",\"width\":300,\"height\":738,\"caption\":\"test\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/lithium-gets-a-good-wrap\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"http:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Lithium Gets a Good Wrap\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"http:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/\",\"name\":\"CAFE Foundation Blog\",\"description\":\"Information and discussion from the Comparative Aircraft Flight Efficiency (CAFE) Foundation.\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"http:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/e9c06a89f78d39fc03473ec90f4902a7\",\"name\":\"Dean Sigler\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/0da6e77f17fefcd82e6b725d7f52d2ee07f3aa62cd3699007b8af82a7b52dc23?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/0da6e77f17fefcd82e6b725d7f52d2ee07f3aa62cd3699007b8af82a7b52dc23?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/0da6e77f17fefcd82e6b725d7f52d2ee07f3aa62cd3699007b8af82a7b52dc23?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Dean Sigler\"},\"sameAs\":[\"http:\\\/\\\/cafefoundation.org\"],\"url\":\"http:\\\/\\\/cafe.foundation\\\/blog\\\/author\\\/admin\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Lithium Gets a Good Wrap - CAFE Foundation Blog","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/lithium-gets-a-good-wrap\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Lithium Gets a Good Wrap - CAFE Foundation Blog","og_description":"Shadi Dayeh, professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the UC San Diego Jacobs School of Engineering, has been designing new electrode architectures that could solve one of lithium batteries\u2019 biggest problems.\u00a0 When lithium diffuses across the surface of a lithium-ion battery electrode, it causes the electrode to expand and contract depending [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/lithium-gets-a-good-wrap\/","og_site_name":"CAFE Foundation Blog","article_published_time":"2013-10-01T17:21:29+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/lithiation-nanoscale-286x704.jpg","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"author":"Dean Sigler","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Dean Sigler","Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/lithium-gets-a-good-wrap\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/lithium-gets-a-good-wrap\/"},"author":{"name":"Dean Sigler","@id":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/e9c06a89f78d39fc03473ec90f4902a7"},"headline":"Lithium Gets a Good Wrap","datePublished":"2013-10-01T17:21:29+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/lithium-gets-a-good-wrap\/"},"wordCount":681,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/lithium-gets-a-good-wrap\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/lithiation-nanoscale-286x704.jpg","keywords":["ACS Nano Letters","Applied Physics Letters","axial wrapping of nanowire electrodes","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering","Dr. Jaephil Cho","Dr. Xiaohua Liu","Dr. Yang Liu","Dr. Yi Cui","Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at the UC San Diego Jacobs School of Engineering","germanium silicon electrodes","Interdisciplinary School of Green Energy at Ulsan Institute of Science and Technology","lithiation","Los Alamos National Laboratory","nanowires","Sandia National Laboratory","Shadi Dayeh","Stanford University","University of California at San Diego"],"articleSection":["Electric Powerplants","Sustainable Aviation"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/lithium-gets-a-good-wrap\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/lithium-gets-a-good-wrap\/","url":"https:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/lithium-gets-a-good-wrap\/","name":"Lithium Gets a Good Wrap - CAFE Foundation Blog","isPartOf":{"@id":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/lithium-gets-a-good-wrap\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/lithium-gets-a-good-wrap\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/lithiation-nanoscale-286x704.jpg","datePublished":"2013-10-01T17:21:29+00:00","author":{"@id":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/e9c06a89f78d39fc03473ec90f4902a7"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/lithium-gets-a-good-wrap\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/lithium-gets-a-good-wrap\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/lithium-gets-a-good-wrap\/#primaryimage","url":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/lithiation-nanoscale.jpg","contentUrl":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/lithiation-nanoscale.jpg","width":300,"height":738,"caption":"test"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/lithium-gets-a-good-wrap\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Lithium Gets a Good Wrap"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/#website","url":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/","name":"CAFE Foundation Blog","description":"Information and discussion from the Comparative Aircraft Flight Efficiency (CAFE) Foundation.","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/e9c06a89f78d39fc03473ec90f4902a7","name":"Dean Sigler","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0da6e77f17fefcd82e6b725d7f52d2ee07f3aa62cd3699007b8af82a7b52dc23?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0da6e77f17fefcd82e6b725d7f52d2ee07f3aa62cd3699007b8af82a7b52dc23?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0da6e77f17fefcd82e6b725d7f52d2ee07f3aa62cd3699007b8af82a7b52dc23?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Dean Sigler"},"sameAs":["http:\/\/cafefoundation.org"],"url":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/author\/admin\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8311","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8311"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8311\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8317,"href":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8311\/revisions\/8317"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8311"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8311"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8311"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}