{"id":8729,"date":"2014-03-11T10:20:31","date_gmt":"2014-03-11T17:20:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/?p=8729"},"modified":"2014-03-11T10:20:31","modified_gmt":"2014-03-11T17:20:31","slug":"turning-new-leaf-jcap","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/turning-new-leaf-jcap\/","title":{"rendered":"Turning Over a New Leaf at JCAP"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">The blog has covered <\/span><a style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\" href=\"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/new-leaf-turns-over-more-energy\/\">Professor Daniel Nocera\u2019s \u201cartificial leaf,\u201d<\/a><span style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\"> a means by which a flat panel in water and exposed to sunlight would generate clean water and hydrogen.\u00a0 But that promising development has been set aside by the startup company Catalytix that attempted commercial development of the leaf for now.\u00a0 Instead, the company is now pursuing the design of a practical low-cost flow battery for grid storage.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Researchers at <a href=\"http:\/\/solarfuelshub.org\/index.html\">Berkeley\u2019s Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (JCAP),<\/a> though, may have found a <a href=\"http:\/\/newscenter.lbl.gov\/science-shorts\/2014\/03\/07\/promising-news-for-solar-fuels\/\">different approach to the artificial leaf <\/a>that will overcome many shortcomings in its predecessors.\u00a0 Gary Moore, a chemist and principal investigator with Berkeley Lab\u2019s Physical Biosciences Division, found that in his artificial leaf, \u201cnearly 90-percent of the electrons generated by a hybrid material designed to store solar energy in hydrogen are being stored in the target hydrogen molecules.\u201d<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_8731\" style=\"width: 538px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/Berkeley-Moore-group-Web.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8731\" class=\"size-large wp-image-8731 \" alt=\"Diana Cedeno, Gary Moore and Alexandra Krawicz of JCAP (Joint Center Artificial Photosynthesis).\" src=\"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/Berkeley-Moore-group-Web-528x357.jpg\" width=\"528\" height=\"357\" srcset=\"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/Berkeley-Moore-group-Web-528x357.jpg 528w, http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/Berkeley-Moore-group-Web-300x202.jpg 300w, http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/Berkeley-Moore-group-Web.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 528px) 100vw, 528px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-8731\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Diana Cedeno, Gary Moore and Alexandra Krawicz of JCAP (Joint Center Artificial Photosynthesis). \u00a0(Photo by Roy Kaltschmidt)<\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">In fact, JCAP\u2019s main concern is capturing sunlight and turning it to some form of fuel, exactly what a leaf does in converting sunshine to sugar to feed its host plant.\u00a0 Part of the research involves<a href=\"http:\/\/solarfuelshub.org\/research\/molecular-and-nanoscale-interfaces.html\"> molecular and nanoscale interfaces<\/a>, the links between light absorption and fuel generation.\u00a0 Moore\u2019s research attempts to overcome the various inefficiencies that have kept artificial photosynthesis from being more efficient.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/NCN_xFRL28Y?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Moore led an efficiency analysis study of a photocathode material used to catalyze the production of hydrogen from sunlight.\u00a0 The Berkeley-devised material is a hybrid made by interfacing the semiconductor gallium phosphide with a molecular hydrogen-producing cobaloxime catalyst.<\/p>\n<p>Moore explains, \u201cUltimately the renewable energy problem is really a storage problem,\u201d because the sun goes away from time to time (or at least the earth turns away from it).\u00a0 If the energy collected during the bright periods could be stored as energy-rich fuel, the energy could be released on demand.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_8732\" style=\"width: 538px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/berkeley-bionic-leaf.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8732\" class=\"size-large wp-image-8732\" alt=\"berkeley bionic leaf\" src=\"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/berkeley-bionic-leaf-528x390.jpg\" width=\"528\" height=\"390\" srcset=\"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/berkeley-bionic-leaf-528x390.jpg 528w, http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/berkeley-bionic-leaf-300x222.jpg 300w, http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/berkeley-bionic-leaf.jpg 720w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 528px) 100vw, 528px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-8732\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Interfacing the semiconductor gallium phosphide with a cobaloxime catalyst provides an inexpensive photocathode for bionic leaves that produce energy-dense fuels. Illustration: JCAP<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Moore thinks his team has \u00a0found a way to do that.\u00a0 \u201cWe\u2019ve shown that our approach of coupling the absorption of visible light with the production of hydrogen in a single material puts photoexcited electrons where we need them to be, stored in chemical bonds.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>He knows this will not be an easy task.\u00a0 \u201cBionic leaves that produce energy-dense fuels from nothing more than sunlight, water and atmosphere-warming carbon dioxide, with no byproducts other than oxygen, represent an ideal sustainable energy alternative to fossil fuels. However, realizing this artificial photosynthesis ideal will require a number of technological breakthroughs including high performance\u00a0photocathodes that can catalyze fuel production from sunlight alone.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Their hybrid photocathode uses gallium phosphide, which absorbs visible light to produce \u201csignificantly higher photocurrents than semiconductors that only absorb ultraviolet light.\u201d\u00a0 The cobaloxime catalyst, like the cathode, is a relatively abundant, low-cost material. The interface between the photocathode and the cobaloxime enables production of \u201cenergy-dense fuels\u201d from the solar energy stored in hydrogen molecules.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">Moore explains the possible versatility that the three-dimensional nature of their platform provides.\u00a0 \u201cThe novelty of our approach is the use of molecular catalytic components interfaced with visible-light absorbing semiconductors.\u00a0 This creates opportunities to use discrete three-dimensional environments for directly photoactivating the multi-electron and multi-proton chemistry associated with the production of hydrogen and other fuels.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p>One \u201cbottleneck\u201d arose from the fact that the total number of solar photons striking the hybrid-semiconductor surface produced only 1.5 percent that number of photocurrent reactions, even from the entire range of the solar spectrum.\u00a0 The team is looking for light absorbers with improved spectral coverage of the sun, faster and more efficient catalysts, and new attachment chemistries.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cOur modular assembly method provides a viable strategy to testing promising combinations of new materials,\u201d Moore says.<\/p>\n<p>The team published its research in the Royal Society of Chemistry\u2019s journal <a href=\"http:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/Content\/ArticleLanding\/2014\/CP\/c4cp00495g#!divAbstract\"><i>Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics <\/i><\/a>on February 12.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"facebook_like\"><iframe src=\"http:\/\/www.facebook.com\/plugins\/like.php?href=http%3A%2F%2Fcafe.foundation%2Fblog%2Fturning-new-leaf-jcap%2F&amp;layout=standard&amp;show_faces=true&amp;width=500&amp;action=like&amp;font=segoe+ui&amp;colorscheme=light&amp;height=80\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none; overflow:hidden; width:500px; height:80px;\" allowTransparency=\"true\"><\/iframe><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The blog has covered Professor Daniel Nocera\u2019s \u201cartificial leaf,\u201d a means by which a flat panel in water and exposed to sunlight would generate clean water and hydrogen.\u00a0 But that promising development has been set aside by the startup company Catalytix that attempted commercial development of the leaf for now.\u00a0 Instead, the company is now [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,14],"tags":[4875,2297,4880,4879,4872,2294,4881,4873,4874,4876,4877,4732,4878,2069],"class_list":["post-8729","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-electric_powerplants","category-sustainable_ga","tag-alexandra-krawicz","tag-artificial-leaf","tag-berkeley-labs-physical-biosciences-division","tag-bionic-leaf","tag-cobaloxime-catalyst","tag-daniel-nocera","tag-gallium-phosphide","tag-gary-moore","tag-iana-cedeno","tag-jcap","tag-joint-center-artificial-photosynthesis","tag-physical-chemistry-chemical-physics","tag-roy-kaltschmidt","tag-royal-society-of-chemistry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - 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