{"id":8873,"date":"2014-05-12T18:50:45","date_gmt":"2014-05-13T01:50:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/?p=8873"},"modified":"2014-06-08T17:56:31","modified_gmt":"2014-06-09T00:56:31","slug":"barnaby-wainfan-estol-possibilities","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/barnaby-wainfan-estol-possibilities\/","title":{"rendered":"EAS VIII: Barnaby Wainfan and ESTOL Possibilities"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">Barnaby Wainfan is an aeronautical engineer with Northrop Grumman and famous for at least two things: his<a href=\"http:\/\/www.edison2.com\/very-light-car\/\"> Edison 2<\/a>, a light car with incredibly low Cd\u00a0 that won the Progressive Automotive X-Prize in the Mainstream class and his <a href=\"http:\/\/www.facetmobile.com\/\">FMX-4 Facetmobile<\/a>, an airplane that looks like a private pilot\u2019s F-117 and flies stably and safely. \u00a0(Video courtesy of Barnaby Wainfan.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Facetmobile Lifting Body Airplane\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/djdG0TNvPio?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Wainfan told the eighth annual Electric Aircraft Symposium audience that short takeoff and landing (STOL) performance is relatively easy, requiring low wing loading and high power. \u00a0Efficient (e)STOL is harder. The problem is getting a reasonable cruise speed and good range with the big wing required for short takeoffs and the high drag required for short landings.\u00a0 He advised his audience to specify the mission, not the aircraft \u2013 with the final airplane flowing from the mission.<\/p>\n<p>Short takeoff rolls require light wing loading to allow early liftoff at low speeds, and allow best propeller efficiency.\u00a0 High power allows quick acceleration to the needed liftoff speed, and is necessary to overcome the high induced drag that come with high lift at low speed.\u00a0 A high angle of climb is necessary for obstacle clearance (the 50-foot tree at the end of the short runway), but puts an airplane on the back side of its power curve \u2013 a tricky place to be.<\/p>\n<p>The elements necessary for a quick, steep takeoff and climb out are contrary, though, to the high wing loading and low drag configuration needed for high speed flight.<\/p>\n<p>Takeoff and landing distances must be similar for the STOL to be successful, according to Wainfan. There\u2019s little point in being able to land in a small area from which one won\u2019t be able to take off.<\/p>\n<p>More problems come in landing short.\u00a0 A steep approach requires high-drag operation to allow a steep approach, obstacle clearance, and a quick stop after touchdown.\u00a0 The low dynamic pressure at slow speeds, though, means flaps, slots, and other high-lift devices are less effective.\u00a0 The problem is not trivial, and has led to a plethora of various active and passive approaches to creating high lift at low speeds.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_8877\" style=\"width: 538px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/wainfan21.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8877\" class=\"size-large wp-image-8877\" alt=\"What goes up steeply...\" src=\"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/wainfan21-528x395.jpg\" width=\"528\" height=\"395\" srcset=\"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/wainfan21-528x395.jpg 528w, http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/wainfan21-300x224.jpg 300w, http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/wainfan21.jpg 1095w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 528px) 100vw, 528px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-8877\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">What goes up steeply&#8230;<\/p><\/div>\n<p>He showed several slides defining major problems to be overcome in short takeoffs and landings and rounded out the presentation with some true \u201cout of any box\u201d thinking.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_8876\" style=\"width: 538px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/wainfan3.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8876\" class=\"size-large wp-image-8876\" alt=\"Must come down equally steeply\" src=\"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/wainfan3-528x395.jpg\" width=\"528\" height=\"395\" srcset=\"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/wainfan3-528x395.jpg 528w, http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/wainfan3-300x224.jpg 300w, http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/wainfan3.jpg 1095w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 528px) 100vw, 528px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-8876\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Must come down more or less equally steeply<\/p><\/div>\n<p>high-lift concepts can be passive or active, including powered flow attachment devices that can be tremendously complex.\u00a0 Wainfan discussed several options that might work well with electric propulsion, including direct power lift, distributed propulsion, and electric fan thrusters for low-speed control.\u00a0 He included the high ratio of peak power to cruise power that others have demonstrated on aircraft such as Eric Raymond\u2019s Sunseeker series and the two Solar Impulses, which cruise on about one-tenth the energy needed for takeoff.\u00a0 Electric motors are compatible with vertical or horizontal operation, and are intrinsically quiet.<\/p>\n<p>Taking a big leap (pun intended) Prospective Concepts Kanguruh used a pole-vault-like action to push it forward and up, a great deal like its namesake kangaroo. \u00a0 You can find out more and see a video of the Kanguruh launching <a href=\"http:\/\/www.prospective-concepts.ch\/html\/projekte\/kaenguruh.html\">here.<\/a> \u00a0 Rotating cylinder flaps, <a href=\"http:\/\/ntrs.nasa.gov\/search.jsp?R=19730004293\">tested on the North American Rockwell OV-10<\/a>, gave a coefficient of lift of 6, about four times that of normal airfoils. These proved efficient enough that the cylinder would keep spinning long enough to generate enough lift for a safe touch down even if the drive failed on approach.\u00a0 The <a href=\"http:\/\/www.vstol.org\/VSTOLWheel\/Ryan92VZ-3Vertiplane.htm\">Ryan VZ-3 Vertiplane<\/a> used huge double flaps to divert airflow down and the Canadair <a href=\"http:\/\/aafo.com\/news\/old\/dynavert.htm\">CL-84 Dynavert<\/a> used tilting wings and engines to provide high lift and low forward speed. \u00a0\u00a0Dornier tried STOL with its <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dornier_Do_29\">Do-29<\/a>.\u00a0 Its twin pusher engines tilted down along with large flaps and allowed a touchdown speed of 15 mph.\u00a0 Despite this success in flight testing, the project was not pursued.\u00a0 Chance Vought used a low aspect ratio wing with large tip propellers on its <a href=\"http:\/\/www.airspacemag.com\/history-of-flight\/restoration-vought-v-173-7990846\/?no-ist\">V-173<\/a>.\u00a0 The wing\u2019s interaction with the tip propellers improved its effective aspect ratio, according to Wainfan.<\/p>\n<p>He concluded with a slide of several concepts that might be combined to create the ultimate eSTOL. \u00a0We can hardly wait to see what Barnaby Wainfan&#8217;s inventive mind will make of all this.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_8878\" style=\"width: 538px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/wainfan5.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8878\" class=\"size-large wp-image-8878\" alt=\"Low aspect ratio, inflatable wings on a trike chassis - could this be the next big thing?\" src=\"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/wainfan5-528x395.jpg\" width=\"528\" height=\"395\" srcset=\"http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/wainfan5-528x395.jpg 528w, http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/wainfan5-300x224.jpg 300w, http:\/\/cafe.foundation\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/wainfan5.jpg 1095w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 528px) 100vw, 528px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-8878\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Low aspect ratio, inflatable wings on a trike chassis &#8211; could this be the next big thing?<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"facebook_like\"><iframe src=\"http:\/\/www.facebook.com\/plugins\/like.php?href=http%3A%2F%2Fcafe.foundation%2Fblog%2Fbarnaby-wainfan-estol-possibilities%2F&amp;layout=standard&amp;show_faces=true&amp;width=500&amp;action=like&amp;font=segoe+ui&amp;colorscheme=light&amp;height=80\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none; overflow:hidden; width:500px; height:80px;\" allowTransparency=\"true\"><\/iframe><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Barnaby Wainfan is an aeronautical engineer with Northrop Grumman and famous for at least two things: his Edison 2, a light car with incredibly low Cd\u00a0 that won the Progressive Automotive X-Prize in the Mainstream class and his FMX-4 Facetmobile, an airplane that looks like a private pilot\u2019s F-117 and flies stably and safely. \u00a0(Video [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,14],"tags":[1534,5036,5037,5029,5039,159,5028,5034,5030,5031,5035,5038,5032,5033],"class_list":["post-8873","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-electric_powerplants","category-sustainable_ga","tag-barnaby-wainfan","tag-canadair-cl-84-dynavert","tag-dornier-do-29","tag-edison-2","tag-electric-propulsion","tag-eric-raymond","tag-facetmobile","tag-north-american-rockwell-ov-10","tag-progressive-automotive-x-prize","tag-prospective-concepts-kanguruh","tag-ryan-vz-3-vertiplane","tag-short-takeoff-and-landing-aircraft","tag-sunseekers","tag-vought-v-173"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - 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